2016年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2017___Iceland_101页_1mb

Doing Business 2017: Iceland Summary

Core Content

The Doing Business 2017 report by the World Bank Group evaluates the regulatory environment for businesses in Iceland and other economies across 11 key areas of the business lifecycle. It provides data on the ease of doing business, rankings, and the distance to frontier (DTF) scores, which measure how close an economy is to the best regulatory practices globally.

Main Topics Covered

• Starting a Business
• Dealing with Construction Permits
• Getting Electricity
• Registering Property
• Getting Credit
• Protecting Minority Investors
• Paying Taxes
• Trading Across Borders
• Enforcing Contracts
• Resolving Insolvency
• Labor Market Regulation

Key Findings

Overall Rankings and DTF Scores

• Ease of Doing Business Rank (2017): 20
• Ease of Doing Business Rank (2016): 18 (adjusted for methodological changes)
• Change in Rank: -2
• Distance to Frontier (DTF) Score (2017): 78.91
• DTF Score (2016): 78.88
• Change in DTF: +0.03

Iceland has slightly improved its DTF score from 2016 to 2017, indicating a small step toward best practices, but its overall rank has decreased by 2 positions.

Starting a Business

• Rank (2017): 34
• Rank (2016): 35
• DTF Score (2017): 92.64
• DTF Score (2016): 92.44
• Procedures (Men): 5
• Procedures (Women): 5
• Time (Men): 3.5 days
• Time (Women): 3.5 days
• Cost (Men): 2.0% of income per capita
• Cost (Women): 2.0% of income per capita
• Best Performer (2017): New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF Score 99.96)

Iceland has maintained the same number of procedures for both men and women, and the time and cost to start a business are relatively low compared to other comparator economies.

Dealing with Construction Permits

• Rank (2017): 70
• Rank (2016): 68
• DTF Score (2017): 71.66
• DTF Score (2016): 71.61
• Procedures: 17
• Time: 84 days
• Cost: 0.4% of warehouse value
• Best Performer (2017): New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF Score 87.40)

Iceland has a moderate number of procedures and time to deal with construction permits, with a relatively low cost. It is among the top performers in this area compared to other high-income economies.

Getting Electricity

• Rank (2017): 9
• Rank (2016): 9
• DTF Score (2017): 92.24
• DTF Score (2016): 92.24
• Procedures: 4
• Time: 22 days
• Cost: 10.6% of income per capita
• Best Performer (2017): Republic of Korea (Rank 1, DTF Score 99.88)

Iceland performs well in getting electricity, with a low number of procedures and a short time to connect. The cost is relatively high compared to the best performer but lower than most comparator economies.

Registering Property

• Rank (2017): 15
• Rank (2016): 15
• DTF Score (2017): 86.61
• DTF Score (2016): 86.61
• Procedures: 3
• Time: 3.5 days
• Cost: 3.6% of property value
• Best Performer (2017): New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF Score 94.46)

Iceland ranks well in property registration, with a low number of procedures and time. The cost is moderate compared to other economies.

Getting Credit

• Rank (2017): 62
• Rank (2016): 60
• DTF Score (2017): 60.00
• DTF Score (2016): 60.00
• Strength of Legal Rights Index: 5.0
• Depth of Credit Information Index: 7.0
• Credit Registry Coverage: 0.0% of adults
• Credit Bureau Coverage: 100.0% of adults
• Best Performer (2017): New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF Score 100.00)

Iceland has a moderate DTF score for getting credit. While credit bureau coverage is universal, credit registry coverage is very low, which may affect access to credit for businesses.

Protecting Minority Investors

• Rank (2017): 22
• Rank (2016): 18
• DTF Score (2017): 70.00
• DTF Score (2016): 70.00
• Strength of Minority Investor Protection Index: 7.0
• Extent of Conflict of Interest Regulation Index: 6.7
• Shareholder Governance Index: 7.3
• Best Performer (2017): New Zealand (Rank 1, DTF Score 83.33)

Iceland has a moderate score in protecting minority investors. The index is not among the highest, indicating room for improvement in investor protections.

Paying Taxes

• Rank (2017): 29
• Rank (2016): 31
• DTF Score (2017): 84.88
• DTF Score (2016): 84.88
• Payments per Year: 21
• Time (hours/year): 140 hours
• Total Tax Rate (% of Profit): 30.1%
• Postfiling Index: 89.2
• Best Performer (2017): United Arab Emirates (Rank 1, DTF Score 99.44)

Iceland's tax system is relatively efficient, with a moderate number of payments and time. The total tax rate is higher than some comparator economies, but the postfiling index is strong.

Trading Across Borders

• Rank (2017): 66
• Rank (2016): 66
• DTF Score (2017): 80.27
• DTF Score (2016): 80.27
• Time to Export (Border Compliance): 36 hours
• Cost to Export (Border Compliance): USD 655
• Time to Export (Documentary Compliance): 2 hours
• Cost to Export (Documentary Compliance): USD 40
• Time to Import (Border Compliance): 24 hours
• Cost to Import (Border Compliance): USD 655
• Time to Import (Documentary Compliance): 3 hours
• Cost to Import (Documentary Compliance): USD 0
• Best Performer (2017): 10 Economies (Rank 1, DTF Score 100.00)

Iceland's performance in trading across borders is moderate. The time and cost to export are relatively high compared to some economies, but documentary compliance is efficient.

Enforcing Contracts

• Rank (2017): 32
• Rank (2016): 31
• DTF Score (2017): 69.10
• DTF Score (2016): 69.10
• Time (Days): 417
• Cost (% of Claim): 9.0
• Quality of Judicial Processes Index: 7.5
• Best Performer (2017): Republic of Korea (Rank 1, DTF Score 84.15)

Iceland has a moderate ranking in enforcing contracts, with a relatively long time and moderate cost. Judicial processes are not among the best in the world.

Resolving Insolvency

• Rank (2017): 14
• Rank (2016): 14
• DTF Score (2017): 81.70
• DTF Score (2016): 81.65
• Recovery Rate (cents per dollar): 85.0
• Time (Years): 1.0
• Cost (% of Estate): 3.5
• Strength of Insolvency Framework Index: 11.5
• Best Performer (2017): Finland (Rank 1, DTF Score 93.89)

Iceland performs well in resolving insolvency, with a high recovery rate and efficient time and cost. It is among the top performers in this area.

Key Methodological Changes in 2017

• Expanded paying taxes indicator to include postfiling processes (tax refunds, audits, appeals).
• Added gender component to four indicators: starting a business, registering property, enforcing contracts, and labor market regulation.
• New pilot indicator on selling to the government.
• First-time inclusion of Somalia, bringing the total number of economies to 190.

Conclusion

The report highlights Iceland's strong regulatory environment in several areas, particularly in starting a business, getting electricity, and resolving insolvency. While it has a high DTF score, its overall rank has slightly declined, indicating that it has not moved as close to the frontier as some other economies. The inclusion of gender-specific data adds a new dimension to the analysis, showing that procedures for men and women are largely similar, but there may be hidden differences in the implementation of certain regulations. The report serves as a valuable tool for policymakers to identify areas for improvement and benchmark against other economies.