2017年-世界发展银行全球_Region_Profile_of_Europe_and_Central_Asia_93页_1mb

Doing Business 2018: Summary

Core Content

The Doing Business 2018 report is a comprehensive assessment of business regulations across 190 economies and selected cities. It evaluates the regulatory environment for domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through a set of 11 indicators, covering various aspects of business operations, including starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency. The report also includes labor market regulation data, though it is not included in the overall rankings or distance to frontier scores.

Key Indicators and Their Measures

Methodology and Assumptions

• Standardized Business Case: The report uses a standardized business model to ensure comparability across economies. The business is a limited liability company with 5 domestic owners, 10–50 employees, and a start-up capital of 10 times the income per capita.
• Assumptions:
  • The business operates in the largest business city of the economy (or the second largest for 11 large economies).
  • The company is 100% domestically owned and does not receive investment incentives.
  • The business engages in general industrial or commercial activities, not foreign trade or special tax regimes.
  • All procedures are assumed to be completed without bribes or prior contact with officials.

Data Collection and Analysis

• The data collection was completed in June 2017.
• The distance to frontier (DTF) score is used to measure how close an economy is to the best performance observed across all economies in the sample since 2005. It ranges from 0 (lowest performance) to 100 (frontier).
• Regional averages and comparator regions are used to benchmark the performance of economies within the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region.

Regional Performance in ECA

• The ECA region is evaluated based on the ease of doing business and distance to frontier scores across the 11 indicators.
• The report includes subnational reports for selected cities, allowing for detailed comparisons within the region.
• Rankings are provided for each economy, with the highest rank indicating the most favorable regulatory environment.

Key Findings and Insights

• The ease of starting a business is measured by the number of procedures, time, and cost involved. The DTF score reflects how close an economy is to the best performance in these areas.
• The ease of dealing with construction permits includes procedures, time, cost, and the quality of building regulations. The building quality control index evaluates the effectiveness of quality control and safety mechanisms.
• The ease of getting electricity considers procedures, time, cost, and the reliability of the supply and transparency of tariffs.
• The ease of registering property is based on procedures, time, cost, and the quality of land administration systems. The quality index measures reliability of infrastructure, transparency of information, geographic coverage, land dispute resolution, and equal access to property rights.
• The ease of getting credit is influenced by the strength of credit reporting systems and the effectiveness of collateral and bankruptcy laws.

Purpose and Impact

• The Doing Business project encourages economies to reform their business regulations to improve the business climate.
• It provides measurable benchmarks for reform and serves as a resource for policymakers, researchers, and others interested in the business environment.
• The project has received feedback from governments, academics, and practitioners, which has helped refine its methodology and improve its accuracy.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2018 report offers a detailed and standardized analysis of business regulations in 190 economies and selected cities. It provides valuable insights into the ease of doing business and highlights areas for reform. The ECA region is assessed based on these indicators, with rankings and DTF scores helping to benchmark performance and guide policy improvements.