2017年-世界发展银行全球_Economy_Profile_of_Kazakhstan_76页_1mb

Summary of Doing Business 2018: Reforming to Create Jobs

Core Content

The Doing Business 2018 report, published by the World Bank Group, evaluates the regulatory environment for businesses in 190 economies. It provides quantitative indicators on business regulations and their enforcement, focusing on improving the ease of doing business and encouraging reforms to create jobs. The report covers various aspects of business operations, including starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and labor market regulation.

Main Topics and Indicators

Kazakhstan Overview

• Region: Europe & Central Asia
• Income Category: Upper middle income
• Population: 17,797,032
• GNI per Capita (US$): 8,710
• City Covered: Almaty
• Ease of Doing Business Rank: Not explicitly mentioned, but DTF scores are provided.
• Distance to Frontier (DTF): Reflects how close an economy is to the best performance on each indicator, scored from 0 to 100.

Key Findings for Kazakhstan

• Starting a Business:

  • Procedures: 5 for both men and women.
  • Time: 9 days for both men and women.
  • Cost: 0.3% of income per capita.
  • Paid-in Minimum Capital: 0% of income per capita.
  • Performance: Kazakhstan's DTF score is 0.3% for cost, and the score is close to the Europe & Central Asia average (5.2). It is slightly better than OECD high-income economies (4.9) and significantly worse than the overall best performer (New Zealand at 1.00).

• Dealing with Construction Permits:

  • Procedures: 19.
  • Time: 123 days.
  • Cost: 1.9% of warehouse value.
  • Building Quality Control Index: 13.0 (out of 15).
  • Performance: Kazakhstan's DTF score is 13.0, which is better than the Europe & Central Asia average (11.4) but worse than OECD high-income economies (11.4) and the overall best performer (15.00).

Methodology and Assumptions

• Standardized Company:
  • Private Limited Liability Company.
  • 100% domestically owned.
  • 5 owners, all individuals.
  • Start-up capital is 10 times income per capita.
  • Employees: 10–50 domestic nationals.
  • Company deed: 10 pages.
• Standardized Warehouse:
  • Two stories, 1,300.6 square meters.
  • Located on 929 square meters of land.
  • Valued at 50 times income per capita.
  • Constructed in 30 weeks (excluding administrative delays).
• Assumptions:
  • Required information is readily available.
  • No bribes are paid.
  • Procedures are completed without prior contact with officials.
  • Online procedures count as 0.5 days.

Important Notes

• The distance to frontier (DTF) score is calculated as the average of the scores for each component indicator.
• The ease of doing business ranking is based on the DTF scores, sorted from 1 to 190.
• The report provides subnational data for selected cities, allowing for local comparisons.
• Gender-specific permissions are considered, with procedures for both men and women being evaluated separately.
• Online procedures are counted as 0.5 days in the total time calculation.
• The building quality control index evaluates regulations, quality control, safety mechanisms, liability, insurance, and professional certification.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2018 report highlights the importance of business regulation reform in creating jobs and improving the business climate. For Kazakhstan, the report shows that while the country has made progress in some areas, such as starting a business with zero paid-in minimum capital, there are still opportunities for improvement, particularly in the construction permit process and overall regulatory efficiency. The data serve as a benchmark for reform and encourage economies to move toward more efficient and transparent regulatory systems.