2018-冲突与和平建设中自然资源的作用（英文版）-11mb

Summary of UNEP's Environmental Cooperation for Peacebuilding Programme (2008-2015)

Core Content

The Environmental Cooperation for Peacebuilding (ECP) programme, part of UNEP's Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch (PCDMB), focuses on addressing the role of natural resources in conflict and peacebuilding. It aims to enhance the capacity of countries, regional organizations, UN entities, and civil society to understand and respond to conflict risks and peacebuilding opportunities related to natural resources and the environment.

The programme operates under three main pillars:

1. Global Thought Leadership and Building of Evidence Base
2. Strategic Advocacy and Joint Policy Analysis Within the UN System
3. Catalyzing Uptake of Good Practices and Pilot Projects in the Field

These pillars are designed to generate knowledge, influence policy, and implement practical solutions to resource-related conflicts and peacebuilding.

Main Pillars and Key Outputs

Pillar 1: Global Thought Leadership and Building of Evidence Base

• Objective: To collect and document case studies that illustrate how natural resources can support peacebuilding and how conflict risks are managed.
• Key Outputs:
  • 150 peer-reviewed case studies from 225 experts and practitioners across 60 conflict-affected countries.
  • Six thematic books published by Earthscan/Routledge on post-conflict peacebuilding and natural resources.
  • A global knowledge platform accessed by 185 countries, with 4,300+ documents and 5,000-8,000 monthly page views.
  • A virtual Community of Practice with over 2,500 members from 90 countries.
  • A TEDx talk on natural resources and peace.

Pillar 2: Strategic Advocacy and Joint Policy Analysis Within the UN System

• Objective: To develop partnerships and policy guidance for addressing natural resource conflicts across the UN system.
• Key Outputs:
  • Joint policy reports on natural resources and peacebuilding, covering peacekeeping, mediation, and international law.
  • EU-UN Partnership on Land, Natural Resources and Conflict Prevention, producing six guidance notes on extractive industries and renewable resources.
  • A UN-wide guidance note on natural resources in post-conflict peacebuilding, endorsed by 38 UN entities.
  • Collaboration with the World Bank on the MAP-X platform for extractive industry transparency and compliance monitoring.

Pillar 3: Catalyzing Uptake of Good Practices and Pilot Projects in the Field

• Objective: To support the application of good practices and pilot projects in conflict-affected regions.
• Key Outputs:
  • Technical assessments for peacekeeping missions in DR Congo, Mali, South Sudan, Somalia, and the Central African Republic.
  • Environmental diplomacy and mediation support in Western Sahara, Haiti-Dominican Republic, Bougainville, the Sahel region, Sudan, and Nigeria.
  • Rapid field assessments and capacity-building in CAR, Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, DRC, and Somalia.

Major Outcomes

From Pillar 1:

• The evidence base has influenced global research, academic courses, and international policies.
• Lessons learned are being adopted by conflict-affected countries and supporting institutions.
• A vibrant community of practice and a multidisciplinary field of Environmental Peacebuilding have been established.

From Pillar 2:

• Natural resource and peace linkages are now recognized at the international political level.
• New international norms and guidelines are emerging, particularly from the ILC and ICRC.
• Multi-donor trust funds increasingly support natural resource and peacebuilding projects.

From Pillar 3:

• Enhanced technical analysis and UN coordination in peacebuilding.
• Successful application of ECP's analysis in resource conflict resolution and environmental diplomacy.
• Increased use of good environmental practices in peacekeeping missions.
• Institutionalization of ECP within UNEP with a rapid response capacity for technical assistance.

Key Lessons and Future Outlook

• Natural resource conflicts are complex and require a multi-agency, multi-disciplinary approach.
• Environmental peacebuilding is a growing field that needs sustained investment and support.
• The ECP programme has demonstrated the importance of partnerships and knowledge sharing.
• Future efforts should focus on aligning with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly SDG 16, which emphasizes peaceful societies, access to justice, and inclusive institutions.

Priority Areas for Future Work

1. Supporting the emerging field of Environmental Peacebuilding
2. Providing technical support for resource conflict mediation and environmental diplomacy
3. Improving environmental management and monitoring of the extractive industries
4. Addressing climate change and security risks
5. Empowering women in natural resource management
6. Combating illicit trade of natural resources and environmental crime

Recommendations

• Further internal investments in staff and resources for the ECP programme.
• Strengthening technical and political partnerships with member states and international organizations.
• Aligning future activities with the SDGs, especially Goal 16, to ensure sustainable and peaceful resource governance.

Recognizing Partners

The ECP programme has been supported by key partners including:

• The Government of Finland
• Norway, Sweden, Italy, the United States, and the European Union
• The Environmental Law Institute
• The International Institute for Sustainable Development
• Columbia University
• The EU-UN Partnership on Land, Natural Resources and Conflict Prevention
• The UNEP Expert Group on Conflict and Peacebuilding

These partnerships have been crucial in advancing the ECP programme's objectives and outcomes.

Conclusion

The ECP programme has made significant progress in understanding and addressing the role of natural resources in conflict and peacebuilding. It has contributed to global knowledge, policy development, and field implementation, positioning UNEP as a key player in environmental peacebuilding. The programme's future success will depend on continued collaboration, investment, and alignment with global sustainable development goals.