2009年-世界发展银行全球_Improving_Water_Security_for_Sustaining_Livelihoods_and_Growth_in_Tanzania_4页_451kb

Summary of the Tanzania Water Resources Assistance Strategy (TWRAS)

Core Content

The Tanzania Water Resources Assistance Strategy (TWRAS) outlines the critical role of water security in sustaining livelihoods and promoting economic growth. It highlights that water is a foundational resource for food, energy, environmental, health, industrial, and social security. The Strategy emphasizes the need for integrated investment programs and strong governance to achieve sustainable development and poverty reduction goals.

Main Views

• Water security is essential for national development and poverty reduction.
• The TWRAS focuses on cooperative management of shared water resources, including transboundary lakes and rivers.
• Institutional and legal reforms are necessary to support effective water governance.
• A multisectoral approach is required to address the complex interactions between water and other economic sectors.
• Decentralization and local participation are key to improving water management and service delivery.
• Transboundary water management is a major challenge and requires regional cooperation and conflict resolution.

Key Information

Water Resources Reforms and Investments

• The National Water Policy (2002) and National Water Sector Development Strategy (2008) were developed through government-led reforms in the 1990s.
• These reforms led to the establishment of river basin organizations, stakeholder involvement, and the development of specific projects such as:
  • River Basin Management and Smallholder Irrigation Project (RBMSIIP)
  • Dar es Salaam Water Supply and Sanitation Project (DWSSP)
  • Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP)
• A new Water Resources Management Law is currently being drafted to provide legal backing for reforms.

Water Resources Conflicts

• Tanzania has abundant freshwater resources, but spatial and temporal variability in water availability causes significant challenges.
• Transboundary water bodies such as Lake Victoria, Tanganyika, and Nyasa/Malawi are of great ecological, economic, and political importance.
• Over-abstraction of water from Lake Victoria has led to declining lake levels, economic hardship, and political tensions among riparian nations.
• Conflicts arise due to:
  • Inadequate planning and unreliable infrastructure.
  • Pollution and poor land management.
  • Lack of coordination in water use across sectors and borders.

Achievements, Challenges, and Lessons

Key Achievements:

• Strong policy platform established through the National Water Policy.
• Institutional reorganization and strengthening of decentralized management.
• Supporting legislation is in development to enable effective water governance.
• Cooperative transboundary management is being pursued.
• Sectoral developments are increasingly integrated into broader water management strategies.
• Decentralization in urban and rural water supply and sanitation has been demonstrated in pilot projects.

Remaining Challenges:

• Inadequate and unreliable water infrastructure.
• Weak institutions for water supply, irrigation, and hydropower.
• Uncoordinated water management across sectors and borders.
• Lack of stakeholder engagement leading to conflicts.
• Limited technical and administrative capacity.
• Poor allocation, regulation, and monitoring procedures.
• Growing pollution and insufficient environmental considerations in planning.

Lessons Learned:

• A solid policy, institutional, and legal framework is essential but must be effectively implemented.
• Multisectoral coordination requires government support and donor collaboration.
• Strong basin-level institutions are crucial for long-term success, needing training, systems, and sustainable funding.
• Transboundary management is complex but achievable with cooperation.
• Research must be management-driven with clear applications.
• Alignment between national policies and Bank activities is vital for effectiveness.

Priority Areas for World Bank Assistance

1. Water Resources Reforms at Local and Basin Levels

   • Focus on decentralization and strengthening river basin organizations.
   • Supported projects include RBMSIIP and DWSSP.

2. Cross-Sectoral Coordination

   • Enhance national-level coordination to address issues like mercury contamination and lake level decline.
   • Promote education on water use and environmental protection.
   • Strengthen environmental assessments and water quality management.

3. Investments in Infrastructure

   • Expand irrigation and water supply to urban areas like Dar es Salaam.
   • Support hydropower development within a coordinated system.
   • Fund integrated river and lake basin management plans.

4. Support for the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty

   • Reforms in water management and investments in water-related sectors (irrigation, supply, energy) will directly support poverty reduction.
   • Protection of aquatic environments is essential for sustainable growth.

Conclusion

The TWRAS underscores the importance of integrated, sustainable, and cooperative water management in Tanzania. It provides a roadmap for improving water security through institutional reforms, legal frameworks, and multisectoral coordination. The World Bank is positioned to support these efforts by focusing on policy alignment, infrastructure development, and capacity building at all levels.