2008-12-31-世界卫生组织-2009_GYTS_Fact_Sheet_Kazakhstan_1页_98kb

Kazakhstan (Ages 13-15) Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Summary

Core Content

The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Kazakhstan, conducted in 2009, provides a comprehensive overview of tobacco use among students in 7th, 8th, and 9th grades (ages 13-15). The survey collected data from 8,051 students using a two-stage cluster sampling method, ensuring a representative sample. The survey includes information on the prevalence of tobacco use and five key determinants: access/availability and price, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), cessation, media and advertising, and school curriculum.

Main Findings

Prevalence of Tobacco Use

• 23.1% of students had ever smoked cigarettes.
  • Boys: 29.2%
  • Girls: 17.5%
• 9.9% currently use any tobacco product.
  • Boys: 12.2%
  • Girls: 7.8%
• 7.7% currently smoke cigarettes.
  • Boys: 9.7%
  • Girls: 6.0%
• 2.2% are daily cigarette smokers.
  • Boys: 3.2%
  • Girls: 1.3%
• 5.7% used any form of tobacco other than cigarettes in the past 30 days.
  • Boys: 6.3%
  • Girls: 5.2%
• 36.3% of ever smokers initiated smoking before age ten.
  • Boys: 42.4%
  • Girls: 26.9%
• 40.0% of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking next year.
  • Boys: 41.0%
  • Girls: 39.2%

Access and Availability

• 14.8% of current smokers usually smoke off school premises during school hours.
• 54.3% of current smokers buy cigarettes in a store.
• 41.9% of those who bought cigarettes in a store were not refused purchase due to their age.

Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS)

• 91.6% of students believe smoking should be banned from public places.
• 46.8% think that smoke from others is harmful to them.
• 52.7% have one or more parents who smoke.
• 6.9% have most or all friends who smoke.

Cessation

• 44.7% of current smokers want to stop smoking.
• 59.3% tried to stop smoking in the past year.
• 71.7% have ever received help to stop smoking.
• 8.1% always have or feel like having a cigarette first thing in the morning.

Media and Advertising

• 90.3% of students saw anti-smoking media messages in the past 30 days.
• 53.9% saw pro-cigarette ads on billboards.
• 55.6% saw pro-cigarette ads in newspapers or magazines.
• 12.6% have an object with a cigarette brand logo.
• 7.0% were offered free cigarettes by a tobacco company representative.

School Curriculum

• 81.9% of students were taught about the dangers of smoking in class in the past year.
• 83.3% were taught about the effects of tobacco use in class in the past year.

Key Highlights

• One in 10 students currently uses any form of tobacco; 7.7% currently smoke cigarettes; 5.7% currently use some other form of tobacco.
• SHS exposure is high – over half the students have at least one parent who smokes.
• Almost half the students think that smoke from others is harmful to them.
• Over 2 in 5 current smokers want to stop smoking.
• More than 1 in 10 students have an object with a cigarette brand logo.
• Nine in 10 students saw anti-smoking media messages in the past 30 days; over half saw pro-cigarette ads on billboards, and almost three in five saw pro-tobacco ads in newspapers or magazines.

Conclusion

The GYTS data highlights the significant prevalence of tobacco use among Kazakhstani youth and underscores the need for effective tobacco control strategies. The survey identifies several key areas for intervention, including reducing access to tobacco products, increasing awareness of the harms of secondhand smoke, promoting cessation efforts, regulating media and advertising, and strengthening school-based education programs. These findings provide a foundation for developing targeted public health initiatives aimed at reducing tobacco use among adolescents.