世界发展银行-Debt-Management-Performance-Assessment-Methodology---2021-Edition_141页_4mb

Debt Management Performance Assessment Methodology Summary (2021 Edition)

Core Content

The Debt Management Performance Assessment (DeMPA) is a diagnostic tool developed by the World Bank to evaluate the performance of government debt management (DM) processes and institutions. It provides a comprehensive framework for assessing government debt management against international standards, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and supporting capacity building and institutional development.

DeMPA includes 14 main indicators, which are further broken down into 33 sub-indicators (DPIs), reflecting best practices in debt management. The methodology is designed to help countries monitor progress towards achieving sound debt management objectives and to guide reforms where necessary.

Main Structure

1. Introduction

• DeMPA is a diagnostic tool launched in 2007 and revised in 2015.
• It is used to evaluate government debt management practices across developing countries.
• The tool is based on the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) framework but is more comprehensive.
• It is divided into two parts: a description of the methodology and an evaluation tool that includes key questions and scoring criteria.
• The revised version includes new indicators to better capture the legal framework for other public bodies, debt levels beyond the central government, and coordination with fiscal policy.

2. Assessment Methodology

2.1 Scope and Coverage

• DeMPA primarily assesses central government (CG) debt management activities.
• It includes related functions such as issuing loan guarantees, on-lending, cash flow forecasting, and cash balance management.
• Some indicators extend to the broader public sector, including legal framework (DPI-1), debt reporting (DPI-4), and coordination with fiscal policy (DPI-6).
• It does not assess debt management of other government entities not guaranteed or on-lent by the central government.

2.2 Debt Management Performance Indicators (DPIs)

• The aim of the DPIs is to measure government DM performance and identify elements required for achieving sound DM practices.
• Each DPI has its own dimensions and is used to assess specific aspects of debt management.
• DPIs are categorized into five main areas:
  1. Governance and Strategy Development
  2. Coordination with Macroeconomic Policies
  3. Borrowing and Related Financing Activities
  4. Cash Flow Forecasting and Cash Balance Management
  5. Debt Recording, Payments, and Operational Risk Management

2.3 Scoring Methodology

• The scoring methodology assigns scores of A, B, or C to each DPI, depending on the criteria.
• A score of D is assigned if the minimum requirements are not met.
• A score of A indicates sound practice, B indicates performance between minimum and sound practice, and C indicates that the minimum requirements are met.
• The requirements are cumulative, meaning A includes B, which includes C.
• The "Assessment and Scoring" table in each DPI fully specifies the requirements for each score.
• "Guidance and Definitions" tables provide clarification on how to determine compliance.
• If a dimension is not applicable, the term N/A is used.

2.4 DeMPA Report

• The DeMPA report is a concise, standardized document (30-40 pages) that provides an assessment of government DM performance.
• It includes:
  • Country background information
  • Executive summary of performance assessments
  • Human resources capacity
  • Use of Debt Management Information Systems (DMIS)
  • Follow-up sections on changes in scores, reforms implemented, and reasons for deterioration
• The report does not include reform recommendations or action plans, but reflects differing opinions if any.

2.5 Staff and Human Resources Capacity

• Staff size and capacity are scored separately and are critical to DM performance.
• The assessment includes:
  • Number of staff and justification for adequacy
  • Recruitment processes (e.g., competitive selection, political appointments)
  • Turnover and its impact on core DM activities
  • Training and career development
  • Ethical civil service mechanisms
• For a C score, the following must be met:
  • Adequate staff size
  • Competitive recruitment
  • Turnover does not hinder core DM activities
  • Staff is trained to perform core DM activities
• For a B score:
  • Career plans and job descriptions are in place
  • Codes of conduct and conflict of interest terms are followed
• For an A score:
  • Compensation schemes encourage staff retention

2.6 Use of Debt Management Information Systems (DMIS)

• DMIS is a cross-cutting topic essential for managing debt.
• It relates to budget preparation, debt recording, reporting, payment preparation, and cash flow management.
• System functionalities are categorized into five aspects:
  • Data inputs
  • Storage and processing
  • Output generation
  • Data export/import capabilities
  • Technology and user interface
• DeMPA does not evaluate standalone capabilities or software structures, but focuses on observable aspects and usability.
• For a C score:
  • All debt-related transactions are stored in the DMIS
  • Reporting and cost-risk analysis are based on DMIS data
  • Debt payments are prepared using DMIS records
  • Corrections from system providers are performed timely
• For a B score:
  • IT infrastructure allows the DMO to operate remotely
• For an A score:
  • The DMIS produces audit trails
  • The DMIS is integrated with other public financial management (PFM) systems

Key Points

• DeMPA provides a comprehensive and internationally recognized standard for assessing government debt management.
• The methodology includes 14 main indicators and 33 sub-indicators (DPIs).
• Scoring is based on A, B, C, or D, with D indicating non-compliance with minimum requirements.
• The report is a diagnostic tool and does not include reform recommendations.
• Staff capacity and DMIS usage are considered cross-cutting issues that influence overall performance.
• The methodology has been updated to reflect better coverage and clarity in assessing debt management practices.