2024-12-25-世界卫生组织-Road_safety_Russian_Federation_the_2015_country_profile_1页_102kb

Road Traffic Safety Summary for Russian Federation

Population and Economic Context

• Population: Approximately 143 million.
• Income Group: High.
• Gross National Income (GNI) per Capita: $13,850.

Institutional Framework

• Road Safety Commission established under the Government of Russian Federation oversees policies.
• National road safety strategy in place, with partial funding; target to reduce fatalities by 8,000 by 2020 (from 2012 levels).
• National speed limit law enforced, with urban limits capped at 60 km/h, rural at 90 km/h, motorway at 110 km/h; local authorities can modify limits.

Road Safety Measures

Safer Road Users

• Mandatory national laws against drink-driving (BAC limit 0.03 g/dl for all drivers); random breath testing implemented.
• Laws prohibiting mobile phone use while driving (including hands-free); no permanent exemption.

Safer Roads and Mobility

• New road construction requires formal audits and regular inspections of existing infrastructure.
• Policies promote walking, cycling, and public transport investment at subnational levels.
• Measures to separate road users and protect Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) in place.

Safer Vehicles

• Compulsory motorcycle helmet law; head盔 must be fastened, and standards are applied (UNICE WP29).
• Seat-belt law applies to front and rear seats, with a wearing rate of 70% in front seats and 24% in rear seats (as of 2013).
• Vehicle standards include frontal impact, electronic stability control, and pedestrian protection; child restraint law based on age, weight, or height, with a wearing rate of 21-51% for children.

Post-Crash Care

• National emergency telephone number: 112.
• Data collection exists, including injury surveillance systems and estimates of fatalities (2013: 27,025 reported deaths, with WHO estimate of 18.9 deaths per 100,000 population).
• GDP loss estimated at 2.2-2.6% due to road traffic crashes (from 2000-2004 data).

Accident Data and Trends

• In 2013, 75% of fatalities involved drivers/passengers in 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles, while pedestrians accounted for 29%.
• Trends show stable or fluctuating reported fatalities from 2004 to 2013, with detailed breakdowns by user category.