2022-10-29-世界卫生组织-Meningitis_Weekly_bulletin_3_to_30_October_2022_26页_1mb

报告摘要

Weekly Cases and Deaths: During weeks 40-43, 1,033 suspected meningitis cases were reported across 18 countries, with 57 deaths, resulting in a case fatality rate (CFR) of 5.5%. No districts crossed the epidemic threshold, but 18 districts triggered alert thresholds due to high attack rates.
Districts Crossing Alert Thresholds: Countries affected included Benin (Borgou Region, Bembereke), Cameroon (Extreme Nord Region, Maroua 2), Central African Republic, Ghana, Senegal, and South Sudan, with specific districts exceeding attack rates.
Cumulative Data (Jan 2022 - Week 43): Total cases reached 16,984 with 917 deaths (CFR 5.4%). All countries were encouraged to submit epidemic preparedness plans by December 31, 2022.

Sample Testing: A total of 6,468 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were tested, with 776 positive cases.
Dominant Pathogens: Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (40.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (38.0%), and Hib (6.6%) were the most common pathogens identified.
Positivity Rate: 12.0% of tested samples were positive, highlighting ongoing bacterial meningitis activity.

Targeted Elimination: WHO's roadmap aims to end bacterial meningitis outbreaks by 2030, reduce deaths by 70%, and cut infections by 50%, potentially saving 140,000 lives annually if fully adopted.
COVID-19 Impact: Pandemic disruptions led to delays in vaccination campaigns, including MenAfriVac, affecting regions heavily reliant on these programs and increasing risks due to reduced surveillance and response capacities.
Current Efforts: MenAfriVac has been introduced in 14 countries in the meningitis belt, including Benin, Cameroon, Guinea, and Ghana; the vaccine is being integrated into routine immunization and catch-up campaigns.
Vulnerabilities: Despite progress in eradicating meningitis type A, other serogroups like C continue to cause outbreaks, with Africa facing the highest global incidence of meningitis.