2022-07-11-世界经济论坛-Global_Gender_Gap_Report_2022_374页_11mb

Global Gender Gap Report 2022 Summary

Core Content

The Global Gender Gap Report 2022 by the World Economic Forum provides an in-depth analysis of the current state and evolution of gender parity across 146 countries. The report evaluates progress on four key dimensions: Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment. It also highlights emerging trends and challenges in the workforce, care work, leadership, and wealth accumulation, emphasizing the need for urgent and coordinated action to address gender gaps.

Main Findings

Global Gender Gap Status

• The global gender gap has been closed by 68.1% in 2022.
• At the current rate of progress, it will take 132 years to reach full gender parity, a slight improvement from the 2021 estimate of 136 years.
• The Health and Survival gap has closed by 95.8%, the Educational Attainment gap by 94.4%, the Economic Participation and Opportunity gap by 60.3%, and the Political Empowerment gap by 22%.
• No country has achieved full gender parity, but Iceland (90.8%) leads the global ranking, followed by Finland (86%), Norway (84.5%), Sweden (82.2%), and Ireland (80.4%).

Time to Parity by Subindex

• Political Empowerment: 155 years
• Economic Participation and Opportunity: 151 years
• Educational Attainment: 22 years
• Health and Survival: Progress has stalled, and the time to parity remains undefined.

Regional Results

• North America leads with 76.9% of its gender gap closed, reducing the time to parity to 59 years.
• Europe follows at 76.6%, with a time to parity of 60 years.
• Latin America and the Caribbean has closed 72.6% of its gap, with a time to parity of 67 years.
• Central Asia and East Asia and the Pacific are at 69.1% and 69%, respectively, with 152 years and 168 years needed to close the gaps.
• Sub-Saharan Africa has closed 67.9%, with a time to parity of 98 years.
• Middle East and North Africa has closed 63.4%, with a time to parity of 115 years.
• South Asia has the lowest performance, with only 62.4% of the gender gap closed, extending the time to parity to 197 years.

Top and Bottom Performing Countries

• Top 10 Countries: Iceland, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Ireland, Germany, Rwanda, Namibia, Nicaragua, New Zealand.
• Bottom 10 Countries: South Sudan, Papua New Guinea, Yemen, Syria, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia, Chad, Sudan, and the Russian Federation.

Workforce Gender Gaps

• Labour Market Recovery: Global gender parity in labour-force participation has been slowly declining since 2009, reaching a 62.9% score in 2022, the lowest since the index began.
• Care Work: Women bear a disproportionate share of unpaid care work, with 55% of their time spent on care-related tasks compared to 19% for men. The pandemic exacerbated this imbalance.
• Leadership Representation: The percentage of women in leadership roles has increased from 33.3% in 2016 to 36.9% in 2022. However, disparities persist across industries, with Non-Governmental and Membership Organizations, Education, and Personal Services and Wellbeing showing near-gender parity, while Energy, Manufacturing, and Infrastructure lag significantly.
• Political Representation: The global average share of women in ministerial positions nearly doubled from 9.9% to 16.1% between 2006 and 2022. Women in political leadership serve as role models and influence broader representation.
• Wealth Accumulation: Women face significant challenges in wealth accumulation, with a 11% gap in frontline roles, 31% in professional and technical roles, and 38% in senior expert and leadership roles. Factors include gender pay gaps, unequal career progression, and disparities in financial literacy.
• Lifelong Learning and Skills: Women are overrepresented in Education and Health and Welfare fields but underrepresented in STEM. Online learning shows a smaller gender gap than traditional education, but traditional skilling preferences persist.
• Stress Levels: Women report 4% higher stress levels than men between 2021 and 2022, contributing to a growing global health burden.

Key Information

• The report is based on data from international organizations and executive surveys.
• Iceland remains the only country to have closed more than 90% of its gender gap.
• Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest gender gap score in 16 years.
• South Asia has the lowest performance and the longest time to parity.
• New metrics from LinkedIn, Coursera, Hologic, and WTW have been integrated to better understand gender gaps.
• The report underscores the need for public-private collaboration, reskilling, care infrastructure, and policy reforms to address gender disparities.

Conclusion

The 2022 Global Gender Gap Report highlights that progress towards gender parity has stalled globally, with the most significant setbacks occurring in Political Empowerment and Economic Participation and Opportunity. The report calls for urgent action to prevent the risk of reversal and to accelerate the path to gender equality, emphasizing the importance of monitoring, policy development, and collaborative efforts across sectors and regions.