世界发展银行-COVID-19-Impact-Monitoring-_-Nigeria,-Round-2_5页_461kb

Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (Second Round Summary)

Core Content

The second round of the Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (NLPS) was conducted in June 2020, following the easing of some lockdown restrictions after the initial federal mandate in April/May 2020. The survey provides insights into the impact of the pandemic on safety practices, employment, livelihoods, and food security across Nigerian households.

Main Findings

Safety Measures and Hygiene

• High awareness and practice: The majority of respondents are practicing safety measures to reduce the risk of contracting the virus.
  • 73% reported wearing a mask regularly.
  • 77% reported washing hands with soap and water all or most of the time after being in public.
  • Over 60% of respondents did both all of the time.
• Limited access to resources: Despite awareness, 24% of households reported insufficient soap for handwashing, and 7% reported insufficient water. Poorer households were more likely to face these issues.
• Affordability issues: Many households could not afford enough water or soap, with 17% unable to afford drinking water and 28% unable to afford handwashing water. 79% of households cited inability to afford soap as the main reason for insufficient supply.

Education and Social Contact

• School closures persist: Schools remained closed during the second-round interviews, but 35% of households with school-aged children reported contact with teachers, up from 19% in April/May.
• Educational activities remain stable: 61% of such households engaged in educational activities, with 73% of urban households and 57% of rural households participating in these activities.

Employment and Livelihood

• Work recovery: The share of respondents working increased from 43% in April/May to 71% in June, indicating a substantial recovery as lockdown measures eased.
• Sectoral recovery: The commerce and services sectors, which were most affected by the crisis, showed the largest recoveries. However, agriculture also saw a notable return, with 23% of those not working in April/May starting or resuming work in agriculture by June.
• Income instability: 42% of working respondents in June had their main job in a non-farm household business, and 46% in agriculture. 12% were in wage employment.
• Non-farm business challenges: 87% of non-farm businesses faced difficulty raising money, 77% had trouble buying supplies, and 70% had issues selling goods and services. These challenges were widespread across urban and rural areas.
• Urban-rural disparity: While the recovery in employment was more pronounced in urban areas, the initial drop in employment was also larger. 75% of rural respondents were working in June, compared to 64% of urban respondents.

Food Security and Safety Nets

• Worsening food insecurity: 30% of households experienced severe food insecurity due to lack of money or other resources in June, up from the baseline. 77% of households reported moderate or severe food insecurity.
• No improvement in safety nets: There was no significant increase in access to safety nets or support. 13% received food assistance, and 2% received direct cash transfers.
• Decline in informal support: The share of households receiving remittances from within Nigeria decreased from 22% in April/May to 18% in June.

Key Information

• The survey is part of a 12-round effort to monitor the economic and social impact of the pandemic in Nigeria.
• 1,950 households were surveyed in the baseline, with 1,820 fully interviewed in the second round.
• Data weights were adjusted for non-response and under-coverage to ensure national representativeness.
• The survey was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) with support from the World Bank.

Conclusion

The second round of the Nigeria NLPS highlights a partial recovery in employment and safety practices, but significant challenges remain in terms of income instability, limited access to hygiene resources, and worsening food insecurity. The commerce and services sectors and agriculture are the most affected and recovering areas, respectively, while safety nets and informal support mechanisms have not improved substantially. Future rounds will be crucial in assessing the long-term sustainability of these recovery trends and their impact on households' basic needs.