2022-12-01-IEA-通过清洁电力采购推进脱碳（英）_89页_4mb

Report Summary

Introduction and Context:
Corporate adoption of clean electricity procurement is driven by sustainability goals and supportive policies. The report explores various procurement strategies to support decarbonization, focusing on their environmental and economic impacts. It emphasizes the need for accurate emissions accounting, flexible strategies, and policy enablement for clean energy deployment.

Procurement Options:
Corporates can use the following procurement pathways:

• On-site generation ("behind-the-meter" assets).
• Energy Attribute Certificates (EACs) or Time-Dependent Certificates (T-EACs).
• Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), including physical and financial options.
• Green power products and green tariffs.

Environmental Attributes:

• Clean electricity goals vary in scope (annual, monthly, hourly) and impact.
• Strategies often focus on Scope 2 emissions, but net-zero transitions require broader solutions.
• Annual matching is accessible but may not maximize emissions reduction due to mismatches between generation and demand timing/locations.
• Hourly matching (e.g., 24/7 carbon-free energy [CFE] goals) delivers superior results but requires advanced systems and data.

Key Findings (Corporate Impact):

• Annual matching supports renewables deployment but underestimated emissions reduction as variable renewables increase.
• Hourly matching directs investments toward clean, flexible technologies (dispatchable solar, wind, storage, demand response), boosting system flexibility and reducing curtailment.
• The estimated emissions reduction from corporate procurement varies widely due to grid-dependent technology choices and location, underscoring the need for granular accounting.

Barriers and Price Signals:

• Common challenges include barriers to clean deployment (technical, financial, regulatory).
• Price mechanisms may not incentivize flexibility services needed for variable renewables.
• Decarbonization efforts must consider system costs and verifiable additionality to avoid subsidizing non-deployment.

Recommendations:
Policy Makers and Regulators:

• Remove licensing barriers. Enable diverse procurement options. Ensure fair cost allocation and harmonize EAC schemes.
• Introduce robust emissions tracking and set standards for time-granular data. Define clear billing incentives and network access policies.

System Operators and Utilities:

• Optimize dispatch for corporate assets by coordinating with system needs rather than treating them as isolated load centers. Increase data accessibility for demand-response participation.

Organizations Procuring Clean Electricity:

• Signal decarbonization ambitions via credible, high-ambition goals, such as hourly matching.
• Use marginal impact methodologies for accurate emissions accounting. Collaborate transparently with policymakers and suppliers.
• Explore demand-response, storage, and flexible technologies to enhance system service provision.

Conclusions:
Corporate procurement drives clean energy deployment but requires precise strategies to align with net-zero goals. Policy support and advanced accounting enable procurement to contribute meaningfully to decarbonization while respecting system realities and cost structures.