2011年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_in_South_East_Europe_2011_127页_1mb

Summary of Doing Business in South East Europe 2011

Core Content

Doing Business in South East Europe 2011 is the second subnational report in the Doing Business series for the region. It evaluates business regulations across 22 cities in 7 economies—Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia (excluded), Kosovo, FYR Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia (with Moldova added). The report measures four key areas: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, registering property, and enforcing contracts.

The data reflects the progress made since 2008 and is based on the latest available information as of January 2011. It is a joint publication by the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation, highlighting the region's ongoing efforts to improve the business environment, particularly in response to EU accession and the global financial crisis.

Main Points

• Progress in Business Reforms: Despite challenges, all 19 cities re-measured in 2011 showed improvements in at least one of the four areas. The report underscores the region's strong pace of reform, especially in areas such as one-stop shops, digitization of land records, and legal reforms to streamline processes.

• Regional Diversity: The region is not homogenous. While some cities have made significant progress, others still face substantial regulatory hurdles. For example, Skopje (FYR Macedonia) is the best performer in starting a business, while Pristina (Kosovo) is the most challenging.

• Key Cities and Performance:

  • Skopje: Best in starting a business and dealing with construction permits.
  • Niksic (Montenegro): Best in dealing with construction permits.
  • Balti and Chisinau (Moldova): Best in registering property.
  • Zrenjanin (Serbia): Best in enforcing contracts.
  • Pristina (Kosovo): Most difficult in starting a business.
  • Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina): Most difficult in registering property.
  • Prizren (Kosovo): Most difficult in enforcing contracts.
  • Belgrade (Serbia): Most burdensome in dealing with construction permits.

• Reforms and Improvements:

  • One-stop shops: Implemented in 10 cities, significantly reducing the time and effort required to start a business.
  • Digitization of land records: Improved efficiency and reduced costs in 12 cities.
  • Legal reforms: Introduced in several cities, such as Skopje and Banja Luka, to streamline contract enforcement and reduce delays.

• Cost and Time Variations:

  • The cost of starting a business varies from 1.5% of income per capita (Montenegro) to 31.4% of income per capita (Albania).
  • The time to start a business ranges from 3 days (Skopje) to 50 days (Mostar).
  • The cost of dealing with construction permits can be as high as 2,132% of income per capita (Podgorica, Montenegro).
  • The time to deal with construction permits varies from 3 months (Bitola) to 1 year and 6 months (Mostar).

• Property Registration:

  • On average, it takes 6 procedures, 48 days, and 2.85% of property value to register property.
  • Balti and Chisinau (Moldova) lead with 5 procedures, 5 days, and 0.9% of property value.
  • Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina) is the most difficult, requiring 8 procedures, taking 4 months, and costing 11.5% of property value.

• Contract Enforcement:

  • On average, it takes 135 days to enforce a contract.
  • Zrenjanin (Serbia) is the best, with a process taking just 1 day.
  • Prizren (Kosovo) is the most difficult, with a process taking 218 days.

Key Information

• The report compares cities within the same economy and across the region, showing that even within a single country, there is significant variation in regulatory practices.
• Skopje (FYR Macedonia) and Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina) have made the most progress since 2008.
• FYR Macedonia implemented 17 Doing Business reforms, improving its ranking from 75th to 38th out of 183 economies.
• Digital reforms have been a major driver of efficiency in the region, especially in property registration and contract enforcement.
• Moldova has been added as a new economy, and 4 new cities (Balti, Chisinau, Durres, Tetovo) have been included, expanding the scope of the report.

Conclusion

Doing Business in South East Europe 2011 highlights the region's commitment to economic reform and improving the business environment. While progress has been made, disparities remain between cities and economies. The report serves as a valuable tool for policymakers and investors, providing insights into the effectiveness of reforms and identifying areas for further improvement.