2018-农业项目中的童工监测和评估手册（英文版）-5mb

报告摘要

Summary of Handbook for Monitoring and Evaluation of Child Labour in Agriculture

Core Content

This handbook provides guidance and tools for monitoring and evaluating the impacts of agricultural and food security programmes on child labour in family-based agriculture. It is aimed at programme planners, implementers, and evaluators who seek to understand and address child labour through integrated M&E systems.

The handbook emphasizes that agricultural programmes can have both positive and negative impacts on child labour. It outlines how to systematically assess these impacts, integrate child labour considerations into programme cycles, and use tools to collect and analyze data.

Main Purpose

To help agricultural programmes incorporate child labour prevention and mitigation into their design, monitoring, and evaluation processes.
To guide users in identifying and assessing the positive and negative impacts of agricultural interventions on child labour.
To promote the use of good practices and tools for reducing child labour and improving children's livelihoods and education.

Key Concepts and Definitions

Child Labour: Defined as work that is harmful to children's physical or mental well-being, or that interferes with their schooling, as per international conventions such as ILO conventions.
Family-based Agriculture: Refers to agricultural activities carried out by households, often involving children in labor due to economic necessity.
Child Labour Subsectors: Includes crop production, livestock, fisheries and aquaculture, and forestry.

Main Views

Agricultural programmes can either reduce or increase child labour, depending on their design and implementation.
Child labour is often a result of poverty, which traps children and their families in a cycle of deprivation and limits their future opportunities.
Monitoring and evaluation of child labour are essential for ensuring that agricultural interventions do not inadvertently harm children and instead support their development and education.

Key Information

Prevalence: Millions of children are involved in agricultural work, often under hazardous conditions.
Harmful Impacts: Child labour can lead to health risks, loss of education, and long-term economic disadvantages.
Positive Impacts: Agricultural programmes can improve children's education, reduce hazardous work, and promote safer migration and skill development.

Structure of the Handbook

The handbook is divided into three parts:

Part 1: Child Labour in Family-based Agriculture
- Covers definitions, causes, and consequences of child labour.
- Explains the nature of child labor in different agricultural subsectors.
Part 2: Monitoring and Evaluation of Programme Impacts on Child Labour
- Outlines the criteria for assessing child labour.
- Guides users through the three stages of the programme cycle: planning, monitoring, and evaluation.
- Describes the steps for assessing programme impacts, including preparation, data collection, analysis, and follow-up.
Part 3: Toolkit
- Presents a variety of tools and templates for data collection and analysis.
- Includes interview guides, observation tools, and visualization techniques.

Tools and Methods

Programme Impact Analysis: Assesses how the programme affects child labour.
Stakeholder Map: Identifies key actors involved in the child labour issue.
Spider Diagram: Visualizes the child labour criteria.
Interviews: With programme beneficiaries, children, and experts.
Focus Group Discussions: With community members to explore perspectives and solutions.
Observation Walk: To gather qualitative data on children's work conditions.
Influence Matrix: Assesses the influence of agricultural programmes on child labour.

Good Practices

Integrating child labour concerns into the planning and implementation stages is more effective and sustainable.
Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to collect and analyze data.
Engaging local communities and stakeholders to ensure culturally appropriate and effective interventions.
Ensuring that child labour prevention is a cross-cutting issue in agricultural programmes.

Conclusion

The handbook highlights that addressing child labour in agriculture is not only a human rights issue but also a key component of sustainable development and economic growth. By integrating child labour into M&E systems, agricultural programmes can better understand their impacts and make informed decisions to promote the well-being and future of children in rural areas.

Key Sections and Tables

Table 1: Structure of the Handbook.
Table 2: Intended positive impacts of agricultural programmes on child labour.
Table 3: Good practices for addressing child labour.
Table 4: Supply and demand factors of child labour.
Table 5: Necessary steps for assessing programme impacts on child labour.
Table 6: Gathering information using tools in the toolkit.
Table 7: Most vulnerable households.
Table 8: Analysis categories for processing data.
Table 9: Analysis table for identifying child labour.
Table 10: Analysis table for identifying programme impacts.
Table 11: Structure of the tools.
Table 12: Description and potential of the tools.
Table 13: Guiding questions for identifying programme impacts.
Table 14: Programme impact analysis.
Table 15: Guiding questions for identifying programme impacts.
Table 16: Cooperation plan.
Table 17: Do's and don'ts for interviewing.
Table 18: Do's and don'ts for interviewing children.
Table 19: Do's and don'ts for focus group discussions.
Table 20: Rating the influence of agricultural programmes.
Table 21: Templates provided.
Table 22: Examples of potential positive and negative impacts of agricultural programmes on child labour.
Table 23: Tasks, hazards and health risks of children in crop production.
Table 24: Tasks, hazards and health risks of children in livestock.
Table 25: Tasks, hazards and health risks of children in fisheries and aquaculture.
Table 26: Tasks, hazards and health risks of children in forestry.

Key Figures

Figure 1: Structure of the Handbook.
Figure 2: Typical impacts of agricultural programmes.
Figure 3: Vicious cycle of poverty.
Figure 4: Programme cycle.
Figure 5: Extended programme impact analysis.
Figure 6: Stakeholder map.
Figure 7: Spider diagram for child labour criteria.
Figure 8: Daily clock.
Figure 9: Venn diagram.

Final Notes

The handbook is a collaborative effort between FAO and the Centre for Rural Development (SLE) at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
It includes contributions from various organizations and individuals, including the ILO, FAO, and NGOs.
The purpose is to provide an accessible and practical guide for all stakeholders involved in agricultural and food security programmes.

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