2007年-世界发展银行全球_The_Little_Green_Data_Book_2007_244页_2mb

The Little Green Data Book 2007 Summary

Core Content

The Little Green Data Book 2007 is a publication by the World Bank, developed in collaboration with the Development Data Group and the Environment Department. It provides a comprehensive overview of environmental and development data across various regions and countries. The report includes sections on agriculture, forests and biodiversity, energy, emissions and pollution, water and sanitation, environment and health, and national accounting aggregates. A new Focus section on carbon dioxide emissions highlights the global and regional trends related to greenhouse gas emissions and their implications for climate change.

Main Points and Key Information

Focus: Carbon Dioxide Emissions

• Global Trends:
  • Global CO2 emissions reached 27 billion metric tons in 2003, a 19% increase from 1990 levels.
  • High-income countries accounted for nearly half of the world's CO2 emissions from cement manufacturing and fossil fuel combustion.
  • The United States was the largest emitter, followed by China and India.
• Per Capita Emissions:
  • When considering population, the per capita emissions of the top six emitters show significant variation.
  • The United States had the highest per capita emissions at 22% of total world emissions, while other countries had lower rates.
• Kyoto Protocol:
  • Ratifying countries agreed to cut their 1990 emissions by an average of 5.2% between 2008 and 2012.
  • Most industrialized countries failed to meet these targets.
  • The United States never signed the Kyoto Protocol.
• Developing Countries:
  • Emissions from developing countries increased substantially, with China and India being major contributors.
  • The growth in CO2 emissions from developing countries was much higher than from industrialized countries, reaching 40.6% between 1990 and 2003.

Regional Data Overview

• East Asia and Pacific:
  • GNI per capita: $1,630
  • Urban population: 63.7%
  • CO2 emissions per capita: 6.9 metric tons
  • CO2 emissions growth: -47.7%
• Europe and Central Asia:
  • GNI per capita: $2,607
  • Urban population: 48.8%
  • CO2 emissions per capita: 4.3 metric tons
  • CO2 emissions growth: 15.9%
• Latin America and the Caribbean:
  • GNI per capita: $2,461
  • Urban population: 77.2%
  • CO2 emissions per capita: 2.4 metric tons
  • CO2 emissions growth: 20.2%
• Middle East and North Africa:
  • GNI per capita: $1,343
  • Urban population: 41.5%
  • CO2 emissions per capita: 2.7 metric tons
  • CO2 emissions growth: 40.6%
• South Asia:
  • GNI per capita: $1,124
  • Urban population: 57.1%
  • CO2 emissions per capita: 3.4 metric tons
  • CO2 emissions growth: 43.2%
• Sub-Saharan Africa:
  • GNI per capita: $923
  • Urban population: 57.1%
  • CO2 emissions per capita: 3.4 metric tons
  • CO2 emissions growth: 43.2%

Data Notes

• The data in the book are based on the most recent year available.
• Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only.
• Missing data is indicated by "..".
• "0" or "0.0" indicates values that round to zero.
• "GNI" (Gross National Income) is used in place of "GNP" (Gross National Product) in line with the 1993 System of National Accounts.
• The book includes indicators used to monitor progress toward the Millennium Development Goals.

Structure

The report is organized into:

1. Acknowledgments – Credits the contributors and organizations involved in the data collection and analysis.
2. Foreword – Introduces the purpose and significance of the report.
3. Focus Section – Highlights carbon dioxide emissions and their impact on climate change.
4. Data Notes – Explains the methodology and definitions used in the report.
5. Regional Tables – Summarizes key data for each region.
6. Income Group Tables – Provides data for different income levels.
7. Country Tables – Lists data for each country in alphabetical order.
8. Glossary – Defines key terms used in the report.

Key Themes

• The report underscores the importance of monitoring and addressing climate change, particularly through carbon dioxide emissions.
• It highlights the disparity in emissions between high-income and developing countries.
• It emphasizes the need for a new regulatory framework to address emissions from developing countries.
• The data reflect economic and environmental indicators, showing the relationship between development and environmental impact.
• The report serves as a tool for policymakers and researchers to understand the environmental and developmental challenges faced by different regions and countries.