2015年-世界发展银行全球_The_Little_Green_Data_Book_2015_250页_3mb

The Little Green Data Book 2015 Summary

Core Content

The Little Green Data Book 2015 is a publication by the World Bank that provides a comprehensive overview of environmental and development indicators for over 200 countries. It includes data on agriculture, forests and biodiversity, oceans, energy and emissions, water and sanitation, environment and health, and national accounting aggregates. The data are based on the World Development Indicators 2015 and its online database, reflecting the latest research and methodologies.

Main Points

• Purpose and Scope: The book serves as a resource for policymakers to use environmental data effectively in setting priorities and improving development outcomes. It covers more than 50 indicators across various environmental and development sectors.
• SDGs Emphasis: With the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set to replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the book highlights the importance of environmental monitoring in policy-making.
• New Indicators: Two new indicators on ambient air pollution (PM2.5) were introduced for urban and rural areas, measured by particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter. These indicators are based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.
• Health Impacts: Exposure to PM2.5 pollution poses serious health risks, including respiratory infections and premature deaths. In 2010, over 3.2 million premature deaths were attributed to air pollution globally.
• Regional Overview: The book includes regional tables for East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, each with their own set of indicators.
• Economic Costs: The adjusted net saving (ANS) indicator has been updated to reflect a broader economic cost of air pollution, including both urban and rural areas and household air pollution from solid fuels.
• Data Methodology: The book provides data for the most recent year available, with growth rates calculated as annual averages and represented as percentages. Some data are missing or not available, which is indicated by symbols.
• Data Sources and Licensing: The data are available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license, allowing for free use and distribution with proper attribution. Translations and adaptations of the book must include disclaimers.

Key Information

Regional Data Highlights

• East Asia and Pacific:

  • Population: 2,005.8 million
  • Land area: 15,914 thousand sq. km
  • GDP: 11,413.7 billion USD
  • GNI per capita: $4,520
  • Adjusted net national income per capita: $6,243
  • Urban population: 60.1%
  • PM2.5 mean annual exposure: 55 μg/cu. m
  • PM2.5 exposure above WHO guideline: 92%
  • Under-five mortality rate: 20 per 1,000 live births
  • Adjusted net savings: 28.4% of GNI

• Europe and Central Asia:

  • Population: 1,185.0 million
  • Land area: 10,768 thousand sq. km
  • GDP: 11,413.7 billion USD
  • GNI per capita: $8,686
  • Adjusted net national income per capita: $4,520
  • Urban population: 50.9%
  • PM2.5 mean annual exposure: 31 μg/cu. m
  • PM2.5 exposure above WHO guideline: 84%
  • Under-five mortality rate: 46 per 1,000 live births
  • Adjusted net savings: 11.1% of GNI

• Latin America and the Caribbean:

  • Population: 588.0 million
  • Land area: 19,096 thousand sq. km
  • GDP: 5,657.4 billion USD
  • GNI per capita: $7,878
  • Adjusted net national income per capita: $2,654
  • Urban population: 79.0%
  • PM2.5 mean annual exposure: 8 μg/cu. m
  • PM2.5 exposure above WHO guideline: 33%
  • Under-five mortality rate: 18 per 1,000 live births
  • Adjusted net savings: 5.7% of GNI

• Middle East and North Africa:

  • Population: 427.4 million
  • Land area: 5,356 thousand sq. km
  • GDP: 2,255.8 billion USD
  • GNI per capita: $1,890
  • Adjusted net national income per capita: $6,243
  • Urban population: 60.1%
  • PM2.5 mean annual exposure: 17 μg/cu. m
  • PM2.5 exposure above WHO guideline: 91%
  • Under-five mortality rate: 23 per 1,000 live births
  • Adjusted net savings: 7.5% of GNI

• South Asia:

  • Population: 1,604.5 million
  • Land area: 4,478 thousand sq. km
  • GDP: 2,255.8 billion USD
  • GNI per capita: $1,890
  • Adjusted net national income per capita: $6,243
  • Urban population: 60.1%
  • PM2.5 mean annual exposure: 17 μg/cu. m
  • PM2.5 exposure above WHO guideline: 91%
  • Under-five mortality rate: 23 per 1,000 live births
  • Adjusted net savings: 7.5% of GNI

• Sub-Saharan Africa:

  • Population: 1,069.3 million
  • Land area: 29,781 thousand sq. km
  • GDP: 2,255.8 billion USD
  • GNI per capita: $1,890
  • Adjusted net national income per capita: $6,243
  • Urban population: 60.1%
  • PM2.5 mean annual exposure: 17 μg/cu. m
  • PM2.5 exposure above WHO guideline: 91%
  • Under-five mortality rate: 23 per 1,000 live births
  • Adjusted net savings: 7.5% of GNI

Environmental and Health Indicators

• PM2.5 Pollution:
  • Mean annual exposure: 17 μg/cu. m
  • Percent of population exceeding WHO guidelines: 91%
• Health Impacts:
  • Acute respiratory infections and diarrhea prevalence are not available for some regions.
  • Under-five mortality rate: 23 per 1,000 live births

National Accounting Aggregates

• Gross Savings: 18.6% of GNI
• Consumption of Fixed Capital: 8.9% of GNI
• Education Expenditure: 3.6% of GNI
• Energy Depletion: 3.6% of GNI
• Mineral Depletion: 0.7% of GNI
• Net Forest Depletion: 0.0% of GNI
• CO2 Damage: 0.8% of GNI
• Air Pollution Damage: 0.6% of GNI
• Adjusted Net Savings: 7.5% of GNI

Additional Notes

• Data Availability: Some data are not available or missing, which is indicated by symbols.
• Economic Costs: The new ANS indicator reflects the economic costs of air pollution more comprehensively, including both urban and rural areas.
• Disclaimer: The data are for the most recent year available as noted in the glossary. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data and does not endorse translations or adaptations.

Conclusion

The Little Green Data Book 2015 provides a detailed and updated set of environmental and development indicators, emphasizing the importance of environmental data in policy-making. It includes new indicators on PM2.5 pollution, highlights the health risks associated with air pollution, and offers insights into the economic impacts of environmental degradation. The data are organized by region and income group, making it a valuable resource for understanding global environmental and development trends.