2010年-世界发展银行全球_The_Little_Green_Data_Book_2010_248页_2mb

报告摘要

The Little Green Data Book 2010 Summary

Core Content

The Little Green Data Book 2010 is a publication by the World Bank that compiles and presents 50 key environmental and development indicators for over 200 countries. It serves as a resource for policymakers to support decision-making and improve development outcomes by providing data on various aspects of the environment and its interaction with economic and social indicators.

Main Themes and Key Information

Environmental and Development Indicators

The book is organized into several key categories: Agriculture, Forests and Biodiversity, Energy, Emissions and Pollution, Water and Sanitation, Environment and Health, and National Accounting Aggregates.
Each section provides data that helps in comparing country-level statistics with regional and income group benchmarks.
Indicators include metrics such as GNI per capita, urban population growth, agricultural productivity, forest cover, energy use, CO2 emissions, and access to water and sanitation.

Regional Overview

The book presents data in regional tables, highlighting key statistics for different areas of the world.

World

GNI per capita: $ (data not shown)
Urban population: 50%
Urban population growth: 2.2%
Agricultural land: 38%
Agricultural productivity: $1,036
Food production index: 116
Forest area: 30.3%
Deforestation: 0.2%
Nationally protected area: 14.4%
Energy use per capita: 1,819 kg oil equivalent
Energy from biomass: 9.6%
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP: 0.5 kg
CO2 emissions per capita: 4.4 metric tons
CO2 emissions growth: 34.0%
Particulate matter: 50 μg/cu. m
Transport sector energy use: 307 kg
Internal freshwater resources per capita: 6,617 cu. m
Freshwater withdrawal: 10.2% of internal resources
Agriculture: 74% of freshwater withdrawal
Access to improved water source: 86%
Rural access: 77%
Urban access: 96%
Access to improved sanitation: 60%
Rural access: 44%
Urban access: 78
Under-five mortality rate: 67 per 1,000 live births
Gross savings: 20.9%
Consumption of fixed capital: 13.0%
Education expenditure: 4.2%
Energy depletion: 3.9%
Mineral depletion: 0.5%
Adjusted net savings: 7.2%

East Asia and Pacific

GNI per capita: $ (data not shown)
Urban population: 64%
Urban population growth: 0.2%
Agricultural land: 28%
Agricultural productivity: $2,797
Food production index: 113
Forest area: 38.4%
Deforestation: 0.0%
Nationally protected area: 7.8%
Energy use per capita: 2,948 kg oil equivalent
Energy from biomass: 2.1%
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP: 0.7 kg
CO2 emissions per capita: 7.3 metric tons
CO2 emissions growth: -30.0%
Particulate matter: 27 μg/cu. m
Transport sector energy use: 376 kg
Internal freshwater resources per capita: 11,867 cu. m
Freshwater withdrawal: 7.2% of internal resources
Agriculture: 60% of freshwater withdrawal
Access to improved water source: 95%
Rural access: 88%
Urban access: 99%
Access to improved sanitation: 89%
Rural access: 79%
Urban access: 94
Under-five mortality rate: 22 per 1,000 live births
Gross savings: 24.8%
Consumption of fixed capital: 12.1%
Education expenditure: 4.1%
Energy depletion: 12.1%
Mineral depletion: 0.6%
Adjusted net savings: 3.2%

Europe and Central Asia

GNI per capita: $ (data not shown)
Urban population: 44%
Urban population growth: 3.4%
Agricultural land: 50%
Agricultural productivity: $509
Food production index: 127
Forest area: 28.5%
Deforestation: 0.1%
Nationally protected area: 14.7%
Energy use per capita: 1,295 kg oil equivalent
Energy from biomass: 12.8%
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP: 0.9 kg
CO2 emissions per capita: 3.8 metric tons
CO2 emissions growth: 135.9%
Particulate matter: 69 μg/cu. m
Transport sector energy use: 113 kg
Internal freshwater resources per capita: 4,940 cu. m
Freshwater withdrawal: 10.2% of internal resources
Agriculture: 74% of freshwater withdrawal
Access to improved water source: 87%
Rural access: 81%
Urban access: 96%
Access to improved sanitation: 66%
Rural access: 59%
Urban access: 75
Under-five mortality rate: 29 per 1,000 live births
Gross savings: 47.3%
Consumption of fixed capital: 10.1%
Education expenditure: 2.0%
Energy depletion: 7.2%
Mineral depletion: 1.5%
Adjusted net savings: 28.6%

Latin America and the Caribbean

Population: 566 million
Land area: 20,148,000 sq. km
GDP: $4,216.1 billion
GNI per capita: $ (data not shown)
Urban population: 79%
Urban population growth: 2.0%
Agricultural land: 36%
Agricultural productivity: $3,452
Food production index: 125
Forest area: 44.9%
Deforestation: 0.5%
Nationally protected area: 22.8%
Energy use per capita: 1,273 kg oil equivalent
Energy from biomass: 16.3%
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP: 0.3 kg
CO2 emissions per capita: 2.6 metric tons
CO2 emissions growth: 40.0%
Particulate matter: 35 μg/cu. m
Transport sector energy use: 317 kg
Internal freshwater resources per capita: 24,004 cu. m
Freshwater withdrawal: 2.0% of internal resources
Agriculture: 71% of freshwater withdrawal
Access to improved water source: 91%
Rural access: 73%
Urban access: 97%
Access to improved sanitation: 78%
Rural access: 51%
Urban access: 86
Under-five mortality rate: 23 per 1,000 live births
Gross savings: 22.4%
Consumption of fixed capital: 11.8%
Education expenditure: 4.4%
Energy depletion: 6.3%
Mineral depletion: 1.8%
Adjusted net savings: 6.3%

Middle East and North Africa

GNI per capita: $ (data not shown)
Urban population: 57%
Urban population growth: 2.6%
Agricultural land: 23%
Agricultural productivity: $2,896
Food production index: 120
Forest area: 2.5%
Deforestation: -0.4%
Nationally protected area: 3.8%
Energy use per capita: 1,275 kg oil equivalent
Energy from biomass: 1.1%
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP: 0.6 kg
CO2 emissions per capita: 3.5 metric tons
CO2 emissions growth: 96.4%
Particulate matter: 72 μg/cu. m
Transport sector energy use: 258 kg
Internal freshwater resources per capita: 714 cu. m
Freshwater withdrawal: 122.3% of internal resources
Agriculture: 86% of freshwater withdrawal
Access to improved water source: 88%
Rural access: 81%
Urban access: 95%
Access to improved sanitation: 74%
Rural access: 59%
Urban access: 89
Under-five mortality rate: 34 per 1,000 live births
Gross savings: ..
Consumption of fixed capital: 10.5%
Education expenditure: 4.4%
Energy depletion: 18.6%
Mineral depletion: 1.5%
Net forest depletion: 0.1%
CO2 damage: 0.7%
Particulate emissions damage: 0.4%
Adjusted net savings: ..

South Asia

GNI per capita: $ (data not shown)
Urban population: 50%
Urban population growth: 1.3%
Agricultural land: 38%
Agricultural productivity: $1,036
Food production index: 116
Forest area: 30.3%
Deforestation: 0.2%
Nationally protected area: 14.4%
Energy use per capita: 1,819 kg oil equivalent
Energy from biomass: 9.6%
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP: 0.5 kg
CO2 emissions per capita: 4.4 metric tons
CO2 emissions growth: 34.0%
Particulate matter: 50 μg/cu. m
Transport sector energy use: 307 kg
Internal freshwater resources per capita: 6,617 cu. m
Freshwater withdrawal: 10.2% of internal resources
Agriculture: 74% of freshwater withdrawal
Access to improved water source: 86%
Rural access: 77%
Urban access: 96%
Access to improved sanitation: 60%
Rural access: 44%
Urban access: 78
Under-five mortality rate: 67 per 1,000 live births
Gross savings: 20.9%
Consumption of fixed capital: 13.0%
Education expenditure: 4.2%
Energy depletion: 3.9%
Mineral depletion: 0.5%
Adjusted net savings: 7.2%

Sub-Saharan Africa

GNI per capita: $ (data not shown)
Urban population: 29%
Urban population growth: 2.7%
Agricultural land: 55%
Agricultural productivity: $496
Food production index: 120
Forest area: 16.7%
Deforestation: -0.1%
Nationally protected area: 5.5%
Energy use per capita: 484 kg oil equivalent
Energy from biomass: 29.3%
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP: 0.5 kg
CO2 emissions per capita: 3.5 metric tons
CO2 emissions growth: 34.0%
Particulate matter: 72 μg/cu. m
Transport sector energy use: 258 kg
Internal freshwater resources per capita: 714 cu. m
Freshwater withdrawal: 122.3% of internal resources
Agriculture: 86% of freshwater withdrawal
Access to improved water source: 88%
Rural access: 81%
Urban access: 95%
Access to improved sanitation: 74%
Rural access: 59%
Urban access: 89
Under-five mortality rate: 34 per 1,000 live births
Gross savings: ..
Consumption of fixed capital: 10.5%
Education expenditure: 4.4%
Energy depletion: 18.6%
Mineral depletion: 1.5%
Net forest depletion: 0.1%
CO2 damage: 0.7%
Particulate emissions damage: 0.4%
Adjusted net savings: ..

Key Findings

Urban air pollution has declined in most countries between 2000 and 2006, but concentration levels in low-income and lower middle-income countries are still nearly three times higher than in high-income countries.
Water resources per capita have decreased due to fast-growing populations, with water availability below scarcity levels in the Middle East and North Africa and South Asia.
Forest cover has fallen in Latin America and the Caribbean, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, with a net loss of 80,000 square kilometers per year in developing countries.
The lack of access to energy remains a significant health risk factor in the poorest countries, where nearly 50% of energy use comes from biomass fuels and waste.
Adjusted net savings, which measures changes in a country's total wealth, is a necessary condition for sustained economic growth, but many economies are failing this test.
CO2 emissions have shown significant growth in several regions, particularly in Europe and Central Asia and Middle East and North Africa.
Access to improved water and sanitation is higher in urban areas than in rural areas, with significant disparities across regions.
Under-five mortality rates vary significantly across regions, with higher rates in Sub-Saharan Africa and Middle East and North Africa.

Conclusion

The Little Green Data Book 2010 provides a comprehensive overview of environmental and development indicators across various regions. It highlights both progress and regression in environmental management and development, emphasizing the need for better data collection, sustainable practices, and targeted interventions to improve health outcomes and economic growth.

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