2023-07-16-世界卫生组织-Immunization_Brazil_2023_country_profile_17页_374kb

Brazil: WHO and UNICEF Immunization Coverage Estimates (2022 Revision) Summary

Introduction

• WHO and UNICEF provide annual estimates of national immunization coverage for infants, based on empirical data, surveys, and administrative records. These estimates are adjusted for potential biases and are reviewed periodically.

Key Immunization Vaccines Covered

• BCG (Tuberculosis), DTP1/DTP3 (Diphtheria/Tetanus/Pertussis), Pol3 (Polio), IPV1 (Inactivated Polio Vaccine), MCV1/MCV2 (Measles), RCV1 (Rubella), HepBB/HepB3 (Hepatitis B), Hib3 (Haemophilus influenzae type B), RotaC (Rotavirus), PCV3 (Pneumococcal), and YFV (Yellow Fever).

Methodology

• Methods and processes are detailed in references by Burton, Brown et al. (2012, 2013), and others. Estimates range from 60–100% and vary by year, vaccine, and country-specific data availability.
• The Grade of Confidence (GoC) labels data sources (R+ for reported, S+ for survey-based, D+ for administrative) and the certainty of the estimate, noting that figures may be conservative to account for potential inaccuracies.

Time-Based Trends (Brazil, All Vaccines)

• Coverage generally stabilizes in early years, with fluctuations due to stockouts and service disruptions (e.g., during COVID-19).
• Recent estimates show:
  • DTP1/DTP3: Declined to ~74% in some years but is projected upward in 2022.
  • Pol3/IPV1: Experienced reductions during COVID-19, but estimates aligned with target populations.
  • MCV/MCV2/RMV/RCV: Some values hover around 60–85% from 2020–2021, improving in later years.

HepB Birth Dose (HepBB)

• Measured as % births receiving HepB within 24 hours of delivery.
• Coverage has varied from 70–100% annually, with methodologies updated for accurate reporting.

Hib & PCV

• Hib3 shows stable coverage around 70–90%, but PCV3 estimates (for pneumococcal) are declined for some years due to missing survey support.

YFV Coverage

• Crucial for endemic regions; recent coverage estimates align across vaccines, though variability persists at subnational levels.

Overall Observations

• Data relies on both reported and verified records, with suggestions for enhancing survey-based estimates.
• Short-term disruptions (stockouts and COVID-19) significantly impact coverage, indicating a need for robust tracking mechanisms and recovery measures.

Next Steps

• Future estimates available in 2024; refer to provided URLs for historical data access.
• Reiterated emphasis on using estimates cautiously, with context-dependent interpretation.

These estimates highlight Brazil's progress and vulnerabilities in vaccine delivery.