2023-07-16-世界卫生组织-Immunization_Nicaragua_2023_country_profile_17页_374kb

Summary of WHO and UNICEF Immunization Coverage Estimates for Nicaragua

Overview

The provided data contains WHO and UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage for Nicaragua, based on the 2022 revision released on July 1, 2023. Data received by June 26, 2023, covers various antigens from 2011 to 2022. Estimates are derived from administrative reports, surveys, and expert considerations, acknowledging potential data biases and inconsistencies. The next revision is scheduled for July 15, 2024.

Immunization Antigens and Estimates

• BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin): Estimated coverage varies by year, with values like 99% for 2022 and higher official figures. Data challenges include exclusions due to percentages above 100% and reliance on administrative data calibrated to earlier years.
• DTP1/DTP3 (Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis vaccines): DTP1 estimates around 99% for recent years, challenged by data issues. DTP3 shows consistent 98% estimates, with adjustments based on administrative data.
• Pol3 (Polio): Estimates at 99%, facing exclusions for implausible year-to-year increases. Data relies on extrapolation from national government reports.
• IPV1 (Inactivated Polio Vaccine): Introduced in 2015, with estimates ranging around 99%. Extrapolation and interpolation methods used, with confidence assigned consistent with other antigens.
• MCV1/MCV2 (Measles Containing Vaccines): MCV1 estimates at 99%, challenged by data calibration to 2006. MCV2 shows coverage around 99%, with estimates based on national schedules and working group inputs.
• RCV1 (Rubella Containing Vaccine): Estimates are derived from MCV1 data, with high coverage values, but no direct rubella reporting. Similar to other vaccines, confidence varies.
• HepBB/ HepB3 (Hepatitis B): HepBB has limited recent data, while HepB3 estimates are high, calibrated to earlier years. Reporting biases noted.
• Hib3 (Haemophilus influenzae type b): Estimates around 98%, adjusted based on other antigens and without recent surveys.
• RotaC (Rotavirus): Coverage around 99%, with challenges due to sudden data changes and lack of surveys.
• PcV3 (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine): Estimates, introduced later, show consistent coverage with challenges from exclusions and reporting issues.

Data Sources and Confidence Levels

• Estimates combine administrative data, survey-based estimates, or adjustments, with grades of confidence (GoC) reflecting empirical support.
• Many years and antigens face challenges due to data inconsistencies, percentages above 100%, or absence of recent surveys.
• Caution is recommended, as no empirical data perfectly captures true coverage, and estimates may be flawed if data is biased.

Key Findings

• High immunization coverage, often around 99%, observed across multiple antigens in recent years.
• Reliance on limited data sources, with frequent adjustments due to data quality issues.
• No recent household surveys were conducted for most antigens, highlighting a need for improved data collection.
• Disclaimer: All estimates should be used cautiously and assessed by the end-user for specific purposes.

For additional information, refer to the provided links or official reports.