2023-07-16-世界卫生组织-Immunization_Eswatini_2023_country_profile_20页_399kb

Eswatini Immunization Coverage Estimates (2011-2022) by WHO/UNICEF

Introduction

• WHO and UNICEF jointly estimate national immunization coverage using various data sources. Estimates for 2023 revision are based on data received as of June 26, 2023.
• Methodology includes administrative data, surveys, and adjustments for data reliability.
• Grade of confidence (GoC) reflects empirical support but does not assess data quality.

Key Vaccines Covered

1. BCG:

   • Coverage generally ≥90% (2011-2022).
   • Challenges: D- (2019), D+ (2020-2022).
   • Reporting adjusted for administrative data and surveys (GoC: R+, D+, S+).

2. DTP1:

   • High coverage (>90%) post-2015.
   • Challenges: D- (2022), D+ (2021-2022) due to vaccine shortages.
   • Data linked to COVID-19 recovery despite interruptions.

3. DTP3/Polio (Pol3):

   • Fluctuations due to shortages:
     • 2022: D-T

• Challenges: R- (2019), D- (2022, 2021).

4. MCV1/MCV2:

   • High coverage (>90%) despite data challenges.
   • 2021-2022: D- (vaccine stockouts).

5. IPV:

   • Introduced in 2015; coverage increased gradually post-2016.
   • Challenges: R- (2019), D- (2020-2022), strong reliance on early administrative data.

6. HepB/Hib/RotaC/PVC:

   • High coverage for HepB and Hib
   • Rotavirus and Pneumococcal coverage data are largely unavailable or unreliable.

7. Rubella Containing Vaccine (RCV):

   • Coverage estimated based on MCV data since national records are unavailable.

Data and Challenges

• Data Sources:

  • Administrative data (R+), surveys (S+), and empirical adjustments (D-, R-, S-).
  • Adjustments include denominator recalculations based on UN Population Prospects.

• Challenges:

  • Stockouts and Doses Missed:
    • 2020-2022: Multiple vaccines affected, impacting reported coverage.
  • Data Gaps:
    • Surveys (e.g., MICS 2022) pending results.
    • HepB3, Hib3, RCV, and Rotavirus data unreliable.
  • Confidence Grades:
    • Graded confidence reflects methodology but does not guarantee accuracy.

Trends and Disruptions

• Impact of COVID-19:
  • Declines in 2020-2021, but recovery by 2022 for some vaccines.
• Vaccine Shortages:
  • Persistent shortages from 2020-2022, exacerbated by stockouts.
• Post-Eradication Strategy:
  • Introduction of IPV in 2015 to address polio risks.
• Fluctuations:
  • Unexplained declines (e.g., DTP3 in 2016).

Conclusion

• Swaziland has maintained high coverage for core vaccines like BCG, DTP, and MCV despite disruptions.
• Challenges include data reliability, vaccine shortages, and gaps in reporting for newer vaccines.
• Ongoing surveys (e.g., MICS 2022) and improved administrative data management may enhance accuracy.
• Next revision available in July 2024.

Disclaimer

• Estimates are not mathematical averages; confidence grades (GoC) do not assess data quality.
• Use with caution based on the context and purpose.