世界卫生组织：2022年全球身体活动状况报告_132页_4mb

Summary of the Global Status Report on Physical Activity 2022

Core Content

The Global Status Report on Physical Activity 2022 is a comprehensive analysis of the global progress in implementing the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity (GAPPA), which aims to achieve a 15% relative reduction in physical inactivity by 2030. The report highlights the importance of physical activity for individual and societal health, and outlines key findings, challenges, and recommendations for accelerating action.

Main Findings

Global Burden of Physical Inactivity

• 81% of adolescents and 27.5% of adults globally do not meet WHO's recommended levels of physical activity.
• The economic burden of physical inactivity is significant, with over 500 million new cases of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) expected between 2020 and 2030, costing over $300 billion annually in treatment.
• Hypertension and depression account for 47% and 43% of these new cases, respectively.
• High-income countries will bear the largest economic costs, accounting for 70% of health-care expenditure related to physical inactivity.

Implementation of GAPPA Recommendations

• GAPPA focuses on four policy areas: active systems, active societies, active environments, and active people.
• Only 29% of countries have implemented all GAPPA policy indicators.
• Implementation levels vary significantly across WHO regions and country income levels, leading to inequities in access to physical activity opportunities.

Key Policy Areas and Their Progress

1. Active Systems

• National NCD policies (including physical activity) have increased since 2017, but 28% of countries have not implemented them.
• Only 50% of countries have a national NCD coordination mechanism to support multisectoral collaboration.

2. Active Societies

• 52% of countries have conducted national communication campaigns on physical activity in the past two years.
• 58% of countries have implemented mass-participation events, though this has declined since 2019, likely due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

3. Active Environments

• 76% of countries have road design standards for safe crossings.
• 66% of countries have standards for safe speed management.
• Only 53% of countries have standards for separated pedestrian and cycling infrastructure.
• Only 26% of countries have speed limit legislation meeting WHO best practices.
• Only 26% of countries have drink-driving legislation meeting WHO best practices.
• 89% of countries have distracted driving due to mobile phone use legislation.
• 87% of countries have distracted driving due to drug use legislation.

4. Active People

• Less than 40% of countries have national protocols for physical activity in primary health care.
• Less than half of countries have implemented targeted programmes for key population groups.
• Implementation of policies in key settings (e.g., workplaces, schools) remains low.

Key Recommendations

1. Enhanced leadership and political commitment are essential to drive policy implementation.
2. Practical guidance and technical support must be provided, especially to low- and middle-income countries.
3. Community engagement and influencer advocacy are critical to promote physical activity.
4. Better data systems are needed to monitor progress and identify gaps.
5. Sustainable funding is necessary to support the implementation of policies and programmes.

Challenges

• Slow and uneven implementation of GAPPA recommendations across countries.
• Inequities in access to physical activity opportunities.
• Lack of coordination and multisectoral collaboration.
• Insufficient data to fully assess the impact of physical activity on NCDs and overall health.
• Impact of the pandemic on physical activity promotion and policy implementation.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the need for accelerated action to meet the global targets for physical activity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It calls for evidence-based policies, collaboration across sectors, and improved data systems to support the implementation of GAPPA. The World Health Organization (WHO) encourages countries to integrate physical activity into primary health care plans, NCD policies, sustainable mobility plans, and post-pandemic recovery strategies.

Table of Policy Implementation Progress

Key Takeaways

• Physical activity is essential for mental and physical health.
• GAPPA provides a framework for evidence-based action.
• Data and funding are critical for effective implementation.
• Collaboration and community engagement are necessary to achieve equitable progress.
• The report serves as a tool for policymakers, advocates, and stakeholders to promote physical activity and support global health goals.