2022-12-30-世界卫生组织-2022年全球身体活动状况报告_132页_4mb

Summary of the Global Status Report on Physical Activity 2022

Core Content

The Global Status Report on Physical Activity 2022 is a comprehensive analysis of the global progress in implementing the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030 (GAPPA). It highlights the importance of physical activity for individual and societal health, outlines the current state of policy implementation, and provides recommendations to accelerate progress towards the global target of a 15% relative reduction in physical inactivity by 2030.

Main Findings

• Physical activity and health: Regular physical activity is crucial for mental and physical health across all ages and abilities. However, 81% of adolescents and 27.5% of adults globally do not meet WHO’s recommended levels of physical activity.
• Impact of the pandemic: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted physical activity levels and highlighted existing inequities in access to opportunities for physical activity.
• Economic burden: Physical inactivity is linked to a significant rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with 499 million new cases expected between 2020 and 2030. Hypertension and depression account for nearly half (47%) and 43% of these cases respectively. High-income countries will bear the largest economic costs.
• GAPPA policy areas: The report assesses implementation across four key policy areas: active systems, active societies, active environments, and active people.
• Slow progress: Despite the clear benefits of physical activity, global implementation of GAPPA policy recommendations has been slow and uneven over the past five years.
• Policy gaps: Only two out of 29 indicators show implementation by over three quarters of countries. For nine indicators, between 50% and 66% of countries report implementation. The remaining 18 indicators have less than 50% of countries implementing them.

Key Policy Areas and Implementation Status

1. Active Systems

• National NCD policies: The number of countries with a national NCD policy (including physical activity) has increased since 2017 and 2019.
• Operational status: However, 28% of countries report that these policies are not operational.
• Coordination mechanisms: Only less than 50% of countries have a national NCD coordinating mechanism, which hampers multisectoral collaboration.

2. Active Societies

• Communication campaigns: Just over half of countries have conducted at least one campaign in the past two years, a decline from 2019.
• Mass-participation events: About half of countries have implemented such events, but this number has also declined since 2019, likely due to the pandemic.

3. Active Environments

• Road safety design standards:
  • Safe road crossings are present in 76% of countries.
  • Safe speed management is present in 66% of countries.
  • Separated infrastructure for walking and cycling is reported by 50% of countries.
  • Only 26% of countries have legislation meeting WHO best-practice standards for speed limits and drink-driving.
• Risks: The combination of low legislative standards and lack of road design standards increases risks for people walking and cycling.

4. Active People

• Health care settings: Less than 40% of countries report having national protocols for managing physical activity in primary health care.
• Key settings: Implementation of policies to promote physical activity in places where people live, work, and play is reported by less than half of countries.
• Targeted programmes: There is a lack of targeted programmes for key population groups.

Recommendations

• Enhanced leadership: Strengthen national leadership and commitment to physical activity.
• Practical guidance: Provide practical guidance and tools for policy implementation.
• Community engagement: Engage local communities and policy makers across sectors.
• Better data systems: Improve data collection and monitoring to support evidence-based decisions.
• Sustainable funding: Ensure sustainable funding and technical support, especially for low- and middle-income countries.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the need for accelerated action and systemic change to meet global physical activity targets. It calls for policy alignment, capacity building, and cross-sectoral collaboration to create active societies, environments, and systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) urges countries to integrate physical activity into primary health care, NCD policies, sustainable mobility plans, sport policies, and national recovery plans from the COVID-19 pandemic. Future reports will track progress towards these targets, and WHO is committed to providing guidance and support for implementation.