2017年-世界发展银行全球_From_Regulators_to_Enablers___Role_of_City_Governments_in_Economic_Development_of_Greater_Kampala_93页_4mb

Summary of the Role of City Governments in the Economic Development of Greater Kampala

Core Content

The report titled From Regulators to Enablers: The Role of City Governments in the Economic Development of Greater Kampala (September 2017) examines the economic dynamics of the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA) and outlines the role of local governments in fostering sustainable growth and job creation. It is part of the World Bank's Non-Lending Technical Assistance (NLTA) Project on the Economic Performance of African Cities, aiming to support the Government of Uganda and the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) in developing an integrated framework for the GKMA's development.

Main Findings

1. Economic Significance of Greater Kampala

• GKMA is the main economic hub in Uganda, contributing 33% of GDP and 46% of formal employment.
• It hosts 70% of Uganda's manufacturing plants, which produce 33% of the country's manufacturing GDP.
• 57% of employment in the city is informal, with underemployment at 23%.
• Despite a modest GDP growth rate (6.7%), Kampala's per capita GDP growth is competitive with other cities of similar income levels.

2. Informal Sector Analysis

• The informal sector is primarily a source of livelihood for the urban poor, not a significant generator of value added.
• 93% of microenterprise owners would be below the World Bank's poverty line if their businesses were their sole income source.
• Only 18% of firms have the potential to grow and generate jobs, and informal firms are facing increased competition due to lack of viable markets and business models.
• Informal businesses are clustered near the CBD, emphasizing the importance of proximity to customers for their survival.

3. Productivity and Job Creation

• The city needs to generate higher productivity jobs to support its growing population and meet the demand for better employment.
• Manufacturing and tradable services are critical for long-term growth, despite creating fewer jobs initially.
• Win-win sub-sectors such as grain milling, chemical manufacturing, food processing, and financial services offer both job creation and productivity gains.

4. Challenges to Growth

• Fragmented built environment and costly infrastructure hinder economic density and business operations.
• High land prices and complex land tenure systems are significant barriers for small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
• Institutional fragmentation and lack of coordination across different government bodies impede effective urban planning and investment.

Key Recommendations

a) Invest in Coordinated Transport and Economic Infrastructure

• Improve mobility within the city to increase economic density and agglomeration effects.
• Prioritize road investments and public transport systems such as Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) to reduce congestion and enhance connectivity.
• Coordinate taxi stops with market development to improve access for informal enterprises.
• Support non-motorized transport to reduce reliance on private vehicles.
• Implement affordable housing schemes that free up land for mixed-use development and economically productive investments.
• Use GIS mapping to identify vacant and underdeveloped land for development.
• Explore land swaps with major landowners to improve land use and zoning.

b) Empower Domestic Firms to Improve Productivity

• Address constraints such as access to finance, labor skills, and tax administration.
• Develop business engagement and support centers at the subnational level to provide tax education, business plan development, and skill gap information.
• Implement mentorship programs to improve firms' understanding of markets and customers.
• Improve public-private cooperation by building trust between firms and local authorities.

c) Capacitate Institutions and Coordination Structures

• Strengthen institutional coordination across GKMA local governments and relevant agencies.
• Develop land banking mechanisms to finance the purchase of vacant land using the GoU's Land Fund.
• Collaborate with landowning institutions such as the Church and Buganda Land Board to improve land use planning and zoning.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the need for a policy shift from a regulatory role to an enabler role for local governments in Greater Kampala. It advocates for coordinated investment in transport, land use, and business support services to unlock the city's economic potential and drive sustainable development aligned with Vision 2040. Local governments are encouraged to work closely with national institutions and private sector stakeholders to improve productivity, job creation, and urban competitiveness.