2008年-世界发展银行全球_Bangladesh_-_Policies_for_Mainstreaming_Strategic_Environmental_Assessment_in_the_Urban_Development_of_Greater_Dhaka_69页_1mb

Summary of Policies for Mainstreaming Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Urban Development of Greater Dhaka

Core Content

This policy note addresses the institutional and planning challenges in the urban development of Greater Dhaka, Bangladesh, and proposes measures to mainstream Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) into the planning process. It highlights the urgent need for integrating environmental considerations into urban development policies and plans to improve the quality of life and ensure sustainable growth.

Main Objectives

• Identify key environmental issues in the Dhaka metropolis, focusing on urban development planning and supporting institutional systems.
• Inform strategic planning and overarching national sectoral strategies relevant to the development of Dhaka City.
• Evaluate strengths and weaknesses in government policies and institutions for urban environmental management.
• Provide policy recommendations to strengthen urban planning and institutional capacity building in Greater Dhaka.

Key Issues and Challenges

• Institutional weaknesses: There is a lack of a comprehensive urbanization policy and weak enforcement mechanisms.
• Uncoordinated planning: The absence of well-defined inter-agency coordination mechanisms has led to fragmented and unsustainable urban sprawl.
• Environmental degradation: Issues such as water pollution, sewage management, solid waste disposal, and flooding are exacerbated by unplanned and under-regulated urban development.
• Climate change impacts: Rising sea levels and subsidence threaten the urban ecosystem, increasing vulnerability to flooding and sedimentation.
• Urban sprawl and population growth: Dhaka's population is projected to increase from 11.3 million to 21 million by 2015, creating immense pressure on infrastructure and the environment.

Main Recommendations

Institutional Strengthening

• Establish an institutional framework for effective interagency coordination.
• Define clear roles and responsibilities for agencies such as RAJUK, DCC, LGED, and DPHE in urban planning and environmental management.
• Strengthen the DAP planning process by enhancing the capacity of RAJUK to develop environmentally sustainable and socially sensitive plans.

Urban Settlement and Land Use

• Develop the DMDP Land Use Map and demarcate ecologically sensitive areas as "no development zones."
• Engage key stakeholders, including ward committees and local communities, in the planning process.
• Preserve open spaces and provide housing for lower-income groups.

Water Resources and Supply

• Identify main water supply sources and ensure alignment with projected water demand.
• Estimate infrastructure and land requirements for water supply based on DAPs.
• Prevent water source contamination through effective regulation and appropriate land use.

Sewage and Sanitation

• Formulate plans for areas not covered by the initial sewage network, including secondary networks.
• Collaborate with local authorities to implement low-cost sanitation methods and community-based sewage treatment systems.
• Profile existing discharge points to identify pollutants and sources, and develop strategies to prevent untreated industrial effluents from entering the sewer network.
• Identify low-lying and wetland areas for pilot projects on non-conventional sewage treatment.

Solid Waste Management

• Strengthen the regulatory framework for solid waste management, including incentives for pre-treatment of industrial waste.
• Promote sanitary landfilling and waste-to-energy projects.
• Develop a solid waste collection network in consultation with DCC and local authorities.
• Identify environmentally sound sites for future landfills.

Drainage and Flooding

• Develop a comprehensive Watershed Water Resources Management Strategy that accounts for climate change impacts.
• Designate flood retention ponds as "no development zones."
• Integrate findings from the Eastern Bypass study into DAP preparation.
• Coordinate land use and development with the construction of the Eastern Embankment.
• Foster linkages between DWASA and DPHE for storm water drainage planning.
• Develop a drainage network for low-lying areas to mitigate urban flooding.

Industrial Development

• Implement proper zoning and land use plans for new industrial development.
• Rehabilitate and relocate polluting industries from densely populated areas.
• Prepare and implement cluster plans for industries to treat discharges and reduce environmental health hazards.
• Increase the density of existing industrial areas for more effective land use and pollution control.

Conclusion

The policy note emphasizes that mainstreaming SEA into urban development planning is crucial for addressing environmental degradation and ensuring sustainable urban growth. It calls for institutional reforms, stronger regulatory frameworks, and stakeholder engagement to support the development and implementation of the DAPs. The recommendations aim to improve environmental quality, public health, and overall urban livability in Greater Dhaka.