【世界银行】海地无人机发展现状及未来前景-2025_74页_11mb

Summary of the Report: The Current State and Future Prospects of Drones for Development in Haiti

Core Content

This report, prepared by PwC for the World Bank Group and the Global Infrastructure Facility (GIF), evaluates the current state and future potential of drones for development in Haiti. It outlines the challenges, opportunities, and strategic recommendations for establishing a sustainable drone ecosystem in the country.

Main Points

• Haiti's Socioeconomic Context: Haiti is a low-income country with a population of about 11.5 million and a GNI per capita of US$1,420 in 2021. It ranks 163rd in human development and faces significant challenges, including political instability, violence, and natural disasters. The country has experienced three consecutive years of economic contraction, and nearly 59% of the population lives below the poverty line.

• Development Challenges: The country suffers from limited transportation infrastructure, poor connectivity, and a lack of access to basic services. These issues are exacerbated by climate change, high population density, and deforestation, which increase vulnerability to natural disasters.

• Current Drone Ecosystem: The drone ecosystem in Haiti is in its early stages of development, with limited technological maturity and few stakeholders. There are no specific regulations for drone use, and the country follows ICAO recommendations. While drones have been used for disaster response and humanitarian purposes, their potential for broader development applications remains underexplored.

• Potential Applications: Drones can be deployed in various sectors, including healthcare, infrastructure resilience, agriculture, environmental protection, and disaster management. Specific use cases include drone delivery services, high-resolution imagery for camp management, mapping informal settlements, and precision agriculture.

• Key Stakeholders: The National Office of Civil Aviation (OFNAC) is the primary authority responsible for civil aviation regulation in Haiti. Other stakeholders include the Haitian Christian Development Fund (HCDF), the Association pour le Développement de Fond-des-Blancs (ADF), the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), and the OpenStreetMap (OSM) project.

• Regulatory Framework: OFNAC has been working on updating civil aviation regulations, including the development of 22 new regulations in 2022 with support from the World Bank and FRACS. However, there are still no specific drone regulations in place, which hinders the growth of the industry.

• Market Potential: The report highlights the potential for growth in the drone market in Haiti, particularly in commercial applications such as disaster management, infrastructure resilience, and connectivity. The market potential is expected to increase significantly over the next five years.

• Development Roadmap: A strategic development roadmap is proposed, focusing on the establishment of regulations, the creation of a supportive ecosystem, and the promotion of drone use in key sectors. The roadmap includes initiatives for digitalisation, awareness raising, and fostering partnerships between public and private actors.

Key Information

• Challenges: Limited regulatory framework, lack of awareness, and underdeveloped ecosystem are major barriers to the adoption of drones in Haiti.

• Opportunities: Drones can play a crucial role in improving connectivity, disaster response, and access to basic services, particularly in rural and underserved areas.

• Strategic Incentives: The report suggests a range of incentives to promote the development of the drone ecosystem, including the establishment of regulations, the creation of a national drone strategy, and the promotion of public-private partnerships.

• Recommendations: The report recommends the development of a comprehensive national drone strategy, the creation of a supportive regulatory environment, and the promotion of drone use in key sectors such as healthcare, infrastructure, and agriculture.

Use Cases and Examples

• Drone Delivery: Matternet has conducted a drone delivery pilot program in Haiti, demonstrating the potential for improving access to healthcare and other essential services.

• Disaster Management: Drones are being used to map disaster-affected areas, monitor population movements, and support relief operations.

• Environmental Protection: Drones are being used to map mangroves and forests, monitor deforestation, and support reforestation efforts.

• Agriculture: Precision agriculture services are being explored in Haiti, with the potential to improve crop yields and reduce the impact of climate change.

• Connectivity: Drones can be used to provide internet coverage in disaster-affected areas, as demonstrated by AT&T's "Flying COW" initiative.

Conclusion

The report concludes that the development of a drone ecosystem in Haiti is essential for addressing the country's significant development challenges. With the right regulatory framework, stakeholder engagement, and investment, drones can play a vital role in improving connectivity, disaster response, and access to basic services, ultimately contributing to sustainable development and improved well-being for the Haitian population.