国际清算银行-取得进展-2022年国际清算银行对央行数字货币和加密货币的调查结果（英）-2023.7-32页_686kb

Summary of BIS Paper No 136: Central Bank Digital Currencies and Cryptoassets

Key Findings

• CBDC Progress: Over the 2022 survey, 93% of the 86 participating central banks were engaged in CBDC work, with significant advancements in experiments and pilots. Retail CBDC efforts are more advanced, with nearly 23% conducting pilots, and four live retail CBDCs in operation (e.g., The Bahamas, Jamaica).
• Motivations: Common drivers include enhancing payments efficiency (domestic and cross-border), financial inclusion, and financial stability. Emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) focus more on inclusion and monetary policy, while advanced economies (AEs) emphasize stability and safety.
• Future Outlook: Likelihood of issuing a retail CBDC increases to 18% in the short term, with predictions of 15 retail and nine wholesale CBDCs circulating by the late 2020s. Wholesale CBDCs aim to improve cross-border payments and address frictions like limited operating hours and compliance complexity.
• Crypto Impact: Crypto market turbulence in 2022 and beyond accelerated CBDC development for many central banks (60%), leading to enhanced regulatory scrutiny and analysis of stablecoins' role in payments.
• Collaboration and Legal Issues: Central banks increasingly collaborate with private sector entities and stakeholders. About 27% have legal authority for CBDC issuance, but 40% are unsure or lack it.
• CBDC and FPS Integration: Most jurisdictions value having both a retail CBDC and a fast payment system (FPS), viewing them as complements due to unique features like CBDC's riskless nature and programmability.

Conclusion

The survey confirms accelerating global CBDC development, driven by the need for modern payment systems, financial stability, and response to crypto challenges. Interoperability and cross-border cooperation are crucial for maximizing benefits.