世界能源统计年鉴2023-64页_9mb

报告摘要

2023 | 72nd Edition: Statistical Review of World Energy Summary

Core Content

The 72nd edition of the Statistical Review of World Energy provides a comprehensive overview of global energy markets for 2022, highlighting key trends in energy consumption, production, trade, and emissions, while also addressing the impact of environmental and geopolitical crises on the global energy landscape.

Main Highlights

Global Energy Trends

Total primary energy consumption increased by 1% in 2022, reaching 3% above 2019 levels.
Renewables (excluding hydro) accounted for 7.5% of primary energy consumption, up by 1% from the previous year.
Fossil fuels still represented 82% of primary energy consumption.
Primary energy use in 2022 was 2.8% above 2019 levels, with growth in non-OECD countries and declines in Europe and CIS.

Carbon Emissions

Global CO₂ emissions from energy use, industrial processes, flaring, and methane reached a record high of 39.3 GtCO₂e, up 0.8% from 2021.
CO₂ emissions from energy use alone increased by 0.9% to 34.4 GtCO₂e.
CO₂ emissions from flaring decreased by 3.8%, while those from methane and industrial processes decreased by 0.2%.

Oil

Brent crude oil prices averaged $101/bbl, the highest since 2013.
Global oil consumption increased by 2.9 million b/d to 97.3 million b/d, still 0.7% below 2019 levels.
OECD consumption increased by 1.4 million b/d, while non-OECD increased by 1.5 million b/d.
Oil production increased by 3.8 million b/d, with OPEC+ contributing over 60% of the increase.
Saudi Arabia and the US had the largest increases in production, while Nigeria and Libya reported declines.
Refining capacity increased by ~534,000 b/d, primarily in non-OECD countries.

Natural Gas

Natural gas prices reached record levels in Europe and Asia, with TTF averaging $37/mmBtu and JKM averaging $34/mmBtu.
Global natural gas demand declined by 3%, falling just below 4 Tcm.
Natural gas share in primary energy decreased slightly to 24% (from 25% in 2021).
LNG supply increased by 5% to 542 Bcm, with major contributions from North America and APAC.
Europe was the largest driver of LNG demand in 2022, while APAC reduced imports by 24 Bcm.
Japan became the largest LNG importer, accounting for ~60% of global LNG demand growth.
Russian pipeline exports fell by 38%, with European pipeline imports declining by 35% due to reduced Russian supply.
Middle East increased pipeline exports by 12%, and China increased pipeline imports by 5 Bcm.

Coal

Coal prices reached record levels in Europe and Japan, with Northwest Europe averaging $294/tonne and Japan CIF averaging $225/tonne.
Global coal consumption increased by 0.6% in 2021 to 161 EJ, the highest since 2014.
China and India were the main drivers of coal demand growth, contributing 1.7 EJ.
Coal consumption in North America and Europe declined by 6.8% and 3.1% respectively.
OECD coal consumption was 10% below 2019 levels, while non-OECD was 6% above.
Global coal production increased by 7%, with China, India, and Indonesia responsible for 95% of the increase.

Renewables, Hydro, and Nuclear

Renewable power (excluding hydro) rose by 14% to 40.9 EJ, slightly below the previous year’s growth rate of 16%.
Solar and wind capacity increased by a record 266 GW, with solar accounting for 72% of the growth.
China was the largest contributor to solar and wind growth, accounting for 37% and 41% of global capacity additions respectively.
Hydroelectricity generation increased by 1.1%, while nuclear output fell by 4.4%.

Electricity

Global electricity generation increased by 2.3%, lower than the previous year’s 6.2% growth.
Wind and solar contributed 12% to global power generation, with solar and wind seeing 25% and 13.5% output growth.
Coal remained the dominant fuel for electricity generation, with a 35.4% share.
Natural gas had a stable share of 23%.
Renewables (excluding hydro) met 84% of global electricity demand growth.

Key Minerals

Lithium carbonate prices rose by 335% to a record $47,000/tonne.
Cobalt prices increased by 24% in 2021 to $64,000/tonne.
Lithium and cobalt production rose sharply by 21%.

Key Challenges

The year was marked by three overlapping crises: supply, price, and climate.
The Russia-Ukraine conflict disrupted energy supply and triggered price and cost-of-living pressures.
Despite global efforts to achieve net zero, greenhouse gas emissions from energy-related activities continued to rise.

Conclusion

The Statistical Review of World Energy continues to be the most comprehensive and reliable source of global energy data, providing free access to users. It highlights the ongoing transition to cleaner energy, but also the challenges posed by climate change and geopolitical tensions. The data underscores the need for diversification and sustainable practices to address the evolving global energy landscape.

Key Charts Summary

Primary energy by fuel: Renewables (excluding hydro) continued to grow, while fossil fuels remained dominant.
Primary energy by geography: Non-OECD countries accounted for most of the increase in energy demand.
CO₂ emissions: Reaching record levels, with energy use being the largest contributor.
Commodity prices: Sharp increases in oil, gas, lithium, and cobalt prices.
Russian share of European supply: Russia accounted for ~15% of Europe’s gas use in 2022.
Aviation-related oil demand: Remained below 2019 levels.
Power by fuel: Renewables (excluding hydro) surpassed nuclear in share of global electricity generation.
Oil, gas, and coal trade: Russia's share of European imports dropped significantly due to the conflict.