《世界能源统计年鉴2024》-39页_4mb

2024 | 73rd Edition - Statistical Review of World Energy

Core Content Overview

The 73rd edition of the Statistical Review of World Energy provides a comprehensive analysis of global energy markets and trends for the year 2023. It highlights the ongoing energy transition, the role of fossil fuels, and the rapid growth of renewable energy sources. The report is produced by the Energy Institute (EI) in collaboration with KPMG and Kearney, and is supported by S&P Global Commodity Insights and bp.

Main Points and Key Insights

Global Energy Trends

• Primary energy consumption reached a new record in 2023, growing by 2% to 620 EJ, surpassing the 2019 pre-COVID level by over 5%.
• Fossil fuel consumption continued to dominate, accounting for 81.5% of total primary energy consumption, a 0.4% decrease from 2022.
• Renewable energy consumption grew at six times the rate of total primary energy, reaching 14.6% of the total energy mix.
• Energy-related greenhouse gas emissions hit a record high of over 40 GtCO₂e, driven by increased use of oil and coal.

Fossil Fuels Overview

• Oil consumption reached 100 million barrels per day, a new all-time high.
• Brent crude prices fell by 18% in 2023, but remained 29% above 2019 levels.
• China became the largest oil refining market, with 18,484 kb/d capacity, surpassing the US.
• Global oil production increased by 1.8 million b/d to 96 million b/d, with the US growing by over 8%.
• Natural gas consumption remained flat globally, but LNG supply grew by 1.8% to 549 bcm, with the US overtaking Qatar as the largest exporter.
• Coal production hit a record high of 179 EJ, with China accounting for 56% of global coal consumption.

Renewables and Electricity

• Global electricity generation increased by 2.5% to 29,925 TWh, with renewables contributing 30% of total power generation.
• Solar and wind capacity additions grew by 67%, reaching 346 GW and 115 GW respectively.
• China led in solar and wind installations, contributing a quarter of the global solar growth and over 37 GW of wind capacity.
• Grid-scale battery storage capacity reached 55.7 GW, with China accounting for nearly 50% of the total.
• Electricity demand in Asia Pacific and Middle East increased by 5%, while Europe and North America saw declines of 2.4% and 1%, respectively.

Regional Overview

Energy Access and Sustainability

• Global South consumed 56% of total energy in 2023, growing at twice the global average rate.
• Asia Pacific accounted for 85% of the Global South’s demand and 47% of global demand.
• Africa and South Asia had the lowest energy consumption per capita, at 30 GJ compared to 180 GJ in North America and Europe.
• Greenhouse gas emissions per person were significantly lower in Africa, South Asia, and Southern & Central America than in North America, CIS, and Middle East.

Energy Security

• International energy trade increased by 53% since 2000.
• North America became a net exporter of oil and gas, with oil production exceeding consumption by 16% and gas production by 14%.
• Europe remained a net importer, with oil production meeting only 23% of demand and gas production covering 44% of consumption.
• Asia Pacific had the highest energy demand, with oil production meeting 19% of consumption, while coal production exceeded demand by 5%.

Key Minerals and Materials

• Prices for key minerals and materials fell by around 26% in 2023.
• Cobalt prices dropped by 47%, with Africa producing 75% of the world’s supply and DRC accounting for 96% of that.
• Lithium carbonate and pet needle coke also saw significant declines of 32% and 36%, respectively.

Additional Highlights

• The report introduces new datasets on battery storage, carbon capture, hydrogen, ammonia, uranium, and key minerals.
• China led in renewable energy growth and coal consumption, while Brazil saw significant increases in wind and solar generation.
• Global energy demand is increasingly influenced by energy efficiency regulations and changing consumer habits.

Conclusion

Despite the slow progress of the energy transition, renewables are growing rapidly and are becoming a significant part of the global energy mix. However, fossil fuels still dominate energy consumption, with oil and coal driving emissions to record levels. The Global South continues to see the fastest energy demand growth, while developed regions are focusing on energy efficiency and sustainability. The report emphasizes the need for greater investment in low-carbon energy sources in developing economies to support the global shift towards a more sustainable energy future.