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Summary of Roadmap Towards Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Space Cooling in ASEAN

Core Content

The Roadmap Towards Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Space Cooling in ASEAN is a collaborative initiative between the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), aimed at addressing the growing energy demand from space cooling in the region. The report outlines policy measures to enhance energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to cooling technologies, such as air conditioners and fans.

Main Viewpoints

1. Rapid Growth of Cooling Demand

• Space cooling is the fastest-growing energy use in buildings globally and within ASEAN.
• In 2020, electricity use for space cooling in ASEAN reached 80 TWh, which is seven times the level in 1990.
• Air conditioners account for ~15% of residential energy use, while fans account for ~9%.
• The IEA projects that air conditioner ownership in ASEAN Member States (AMS) will grow from 50 million units in 2020 to 300 million units in 2040.
• This could lead to 300 TWh of electricity demand for space cooling by 2040, equivalent to the total electricity consumption of Indonesia and Singapore combined.

2. Potential for Sustainable Cooling

• With policy intervention, it is possible to increase access to space cooling while limiting energy use and GHG emissions.
• Implementing energy efficiency measures could save 110 TWh of electricity in 2040, cutting projected space cooling energy use by over one-third.
• These measures would also reduce GHG emissions by over 55 million tonnes of CO₂ in 2040, potentially bringing CO₂ emissions from space cooling below 2018 levels when combined with electricity decarbonisation.

3. Policy Tools and Measures

• The roadmap outlines three broad policy categories: Regulation, Information, and Incentives.
• It includes 12 types of policy measures under these categories, designed to drive sustainable and energy-efficient cooling.

Key Information

1. Regulation

• Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS): Already in place for air conditioners in most AMS, with some for fans. By 2025, harmonised MEPS and product ladders will be adopted. By 2030, MEPS will be more stringent, including demand response capability.
• Harmonisation of Test Standards: Most AMS use ISO 5151 and ISO 16358 for air conditioners, while some have adopted test standards for fans. By 2025, more AMS will adopt IEC 60879:2019 for fans. By 2030, testing facilities will be expanded, and round robin testing will be completed regularly.
• Monitoring, Verification, and Enforcement (MV&E): Almost all AMS have MV&E strategies for air conditioners. By 2025, all AMS will sign Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) and have a regional MV&E strategy. By 2030, a regional product registry will be in place, and market surveillance will be regular. Towards net zero-carbon, MV&E strategies will expand to include refrigerant requirements and demand response capabilities.

2. Information

• Energy Labelling: Almost all AMS have energy labelling programmes for air conditioners, but only some for fans. By 2025, mandatory labelling for air conditioners will be adopted, with QR codes and more detailed information. By 2030, mandatory labels for fans will be adopted, and refrigerant information will be included. Towards net zero-carbon, QR codes and refrigerant GWP information will be standard on all labels.

3. Incentives

• Rebates, Grants, and Tax Incentives: Not widespread in AMS currently, but explored by some. By 2025, several AMS will implement energy-efficient cooling programmes. By 2030, these will be implemented at scale. Towards net zero-carbon, incentives will drive super-efficient purchases, maintenance, and retrofits, as well as safe degassing and low-GWP refrigerant technologies.
• Loan and Finance Programmes: Some finance offerings exist in ASEAN for sustainable cooling. By 2025, AMS will explore international finance for sustainable cooling business models. By 2030, these programmes will be common across AMS. Towards net zero-carbon, they will support net-zero cooling appliances.
• Public Procurement: Not widespread in AMS currently. By 2025, energy performance criteria will be included in government procurement policies. By 2030, procurement guidelines will be in place and expanded to sub-national governments. Towards net zero-carbon, both public and bulk procurement will drive retrofits to low-GWP cooling technologies.
• Manufacturing and Innovation Grants: A few programmes have been delivered. By 2025, grants will be explored to support product ladder targets. By 2030, grants will support super-efficient air conditioners and fans. Towards net zero-carbon, all cooling appliances sold in ASEAN will be energy-efficient and use low-GWP refrigerants.
• Market-Based Mechanisms: Not widespread in AMS currently. By 2025, some AMS will implement these. By 2030, several AMS will have them in place. Towards net zero-carbon, these mechanisms will support retrofits, replacements, and safe degassing of old cooling equipment.

Key Milestones

Conclusion

The roadmap emphasizes the importance of policy coordination and market transformation to achieve energy efficiency and sustainability in space cooling. It highlights the need for harmonised standards, effective labelling, and financial incentives to support the deployment of efficient technologies and reduce emissions. The report also encourages collaboration among stakeholders and capacity-building through training and workshops.