2024-12-29-国际清算银行-更快的数字支付_全球和区域视角（英）_78页_4mb

报告摘要

Summary of BIS Paper No. 152: Faster Digital Payments: Global and Regional Perspectives

Overview: This paper examines the rapid adoption and impact of fast payment systems (FPS), such as instant, real-time, or rapid payments. It explores how FPS improve payment experiences, reduce costs, and enhance financial inclusion globally, with a focus on Latin America and India.
Global Trends: FPS are driving financial innovations aligned with policy goals like financial inclusion and stable payments. Central banks play a crucial role as operators, overseers, and catalysts in developing interoperable and efficient payment systems, often initiating bottom-up approaches to foster better access.
Regional Case Studies:
- Latin America:
  - Brazil's Pix: A central bank-owned FPS implemented in 2020, it has over 90% adult penetration, linking users to bank accounts and improving financial inclusion. Studies show it complements other payment methods, increases bank efficiency, and acts as informal insurance during crises.
  - Costa Rica's SINPE Móvil: Launched in 2015, it has universalized access through partnerships and interoperability, reducing cash use and non-interest banking expenses. Its success stemmed from stakeholder collaboration, ease of use, and regulatory support.
- India's UPI: A flagship FPS with over 15 billion transactions monthly, it thrives on an open architecture, zero fees, strict data protection, and active private participation.
General Lessons: FPS adoption is boosted by user-friendly design, interoperability, balanced regulation, and public-private partnerships. Challenges include fraud, scalability, and standardization. These systems enhance financial inclusion, efficiency, and economic growth, offering pathways for other regions to replicate successful models.