2009年-世界发展银行全球_Financing_Public_Infrastructure_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa___Patterns_and_Emerging_Issues_Cross-Country_Annex_10页_626kb

Summary of Background Paper 15 (Phase I): Financing Public Infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa

Core Content

This background paper provides an overview of the patterns and emerging issues in the financing of public infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), as part of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD) project. The report is based on extensive data collection and analysis, focusing on the main infrastructure sectors: energy, information and communication technologies (ICT), water and sanitation (WSS), transport, and irrigation. It highlights the challenges and opportunities in infrastructure financing across 24 SSA countries, which account for 85% of the region's GDP, population, and infrastructure aid flows.

Main Focus

• The AICD project was initiated after the 2005 G-8 summit at Gleneagles, emphasizing the need for increased donor support for infrastructure development in Africa.
• The first phase of the project concentrated on 24 countries, while the second phase aims to expand coverage to more African nations.
• The report underscores the importance of monitoring infrastructure spending and performance to guide future investments and policy reforms.

Key Findings

1. Public Infrastructure Spending Overview

• Total fiscal spending in the 24 countries amounted to US$27,412.50 million annually, with South Africa being the largest contributor at US$15,711.84 million.
• Capital investment totaled US$8,715.44 million, with South Africa again leading at US$3,587.90 million.
• The average spending per capita across the 24 countries was US$231.74, with South Africa having the highest at US$519.05.
• Capital investment per capita averaged US$73.68, with South Africa at US$118.53.

2. Infrastructure Spending by Institution

• Public infrastructure spending is divided between budget and nonfinancial enterprises.
• In many countries, a significant portion of spending comes from nonfinancial enterprises, especially in sectors like transport and power.
• South Africa had the highest budget-based investment at US$995.88 million, and the highest nonfinancial enterprise investment at US$2,592.02 million.

3. Sector-Specific Insights

• Water and Sanitation (WSS):
  • Total public spending was US$3,501.63 million, with South Africa leading at US$1,988.44 million.
  • Nigeria had the highest WSS investment per GDP at 0.65%, and South Africa had the highest WSS investment per capita at US$118.53.
• Power:
  • Total public spending was US$7,912.16 million, with Nigeria being the largest contributor at US$1,454.29 million.
  • South Africa had the highest power investment per capita at US$118.53.
• ICT:
  • Total public spending was US$1,120.90 million, with Nigeria and Kenya having the highest contributions.
  • South Africa had the highest ICT investment per GDP at 0.45%.

Emerging Issues

• Funding Gaps: Many countries, especially low-income ones, face significant gaps in infrastructure financing, with some having very low investment and current spending per GDP.
• Inequity in Spending: There is a noticeable disparity in infrastructure spending between countries, with South Africa and Nigeria receiving the most, while others, particularly landlocked and fragile states, lag behind.
• Sector Prioritization: Spending on infrastructure varies significantly across sectors, with transport and power generally receiving more attention than ICT and water and sanitation.
• Donor Involvement: The project was supported by multiple donors, including the U.K.'s Department for International Development (DFID), the Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF), Agence Française de Développement (AFD), the European Commission, and Germany's KfW Development Bank.
• Technical Support: The Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program and the Water and Sanitation Program provided crucial support for data collection and analysis.

Conclusion

This report serves as a foundational analysis of infrastructure financing in Sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the need for increased and more equitable investment in public infrastructure. It provides a benchmark for future improvements and emphasizes the importance of policy reforms and donor coordination to address the sector-specific challenges and disparities. The data is publicly accessible through the AICD website, allowing for further analysis and policy development.