亚开行-越南锂离子电池供应链的多元化_再利用_回收及就业创造机会（英）-2025.7_148页_4mb

Summary

Lithium-ion batteries (LiB) are essential for the global electric vehicle (EV) and energy storage system (ESS) markets. By 2030, global LiB demand is projected to reach 4.5 terawatt-hours, driven by the EV transition. Vietnam has opportunities to position itself as a key player in the supply chain, recycling, and job creation.

Material Supply

Supply chain risks are pointed to price volatility in lithium and nickel. While the People’s Republic of China (PRC) dominates production, Vietnam can leverage its nickel reserves and pursue partnerships for a diversified supply chain. The EU and US are increasing investments to reduce dependency on the PRC, with regulations like the Inflation Reduction Act creating export opportunities for Vietnam.

Battery Repurposing and Recycling

Battery repurposing and recycling are critical for circular economy goals. Recycled materials can be harnessed for new batteries. Challenges include feedstock availability, competition from newer chemistries like sodium-ion batteries, and regulatory gaps in Vietnam. Vietnam could position itself as a regional recycling hub, with Indonesia as a key source.

Job Creation

The LiB sector has massive potential to create jobs, including in mining, manufacturing, maintenance, and services. By attracting investments and developing the value chain, Vietnam can generate significant employment. Skills development for technical roles (e.g., electrical engineers, chemists) and soft skills (communication, problem-solving) are essential to build a competitive workforce.

Strategies for Vietnam

• Diversify supply chains by leveraging domestic raw materials such as nickel, while importing crucial elements like lithium.
• Target niche recycling by importing end-of-life batteries from Southeast Asian countries to reach viability thresholds faster.
• Embrace relevant policies like EV production targets to stimulate investments and localization in manufacturing and recycling.
• Develop workforce capabilities through education reform, skills training, and incentives for women and persons with disabilities.

Overall, Vietnam holds a unique opportunity to diversify its economy, attract foreign and domestic investment, and drive sustainable growth by strategically engaging with the global LiB supply chain.