2018年-世界发展银行全球_Global_Findex_Database_2017___Measuring_Financial_Inclusion_and_the_Fintech_Revolution_151页_13mb

Summary of The Global Findex Database 2017

Core Content

The Global Findex Database 2017 is a comprehensive dataset that measures financial inclusion and the impact of the fintech revolution globally. It provides insights into how adults in over 140 economies access and use financial services, including savings, borrowing, and payments. The database highlights the role of digital technology in expanding access to financial services and reducing inequality in account ownership.

Main Points

Financial Inclusion and Development

• Financial inclusion is crucial for development as it helps people escape poverty, manage financial emergencies, and invest in their future.
• Financial services such as bank accounts, digital payments, and formal credit can significantly improve individuals' economic resilience and opportunities.
• Research shows that digital financial services, especially mobile money, have the potential to reduce poverty and increase financial inclusion.

Account Ownership

• 69% of adults globally have an account as of 2017, up from 62% in 2014 and 51% in 2011.
• In high-income economies, 94% of adults have an account, while in developing economies, it is 63%.
• Sub-Saharan Africa has seen the most significant growth in mobile money account ownership, with 21% of adults now having such accounts, nearly double that of 2014.
• Account ownership varies widely within and across economies, influenced by factors like gender, income, and age.

Gender Gaps

• Women are less likely than men to have an account, with a global gap of 7 percentage points.
• In India, the gender gap in account ownership has narrowed from 20 percentage points in 2014 to 6 percentage points in 2017 due to government initiatives using biometric identification.
• Mobile money accounts in some economies may help reduce the gender gap in financial inclusion.

Income Gaps

• There is a 13 percentage point gap in account ownership between adults in the wealthiest 60% and the poorest 40% of households.
• Mobile money is showing potential in reducing income-based disparities in financial inclusion.

Age and Labor Participation

• Older adults are more likely to have an account than young adults.
• Adults active in the labor force are more likely to own an account than those not working.
• In many developing economies, self-employment is the most common form of work among the unbanked.

Key Findings

Payments

• 52% of adults globally made or received digital payments in the past year, up from 42% in 2014.
• Government payments are increasingly being made into accounts, with most adults in developing economies receiving them this way.
• Private sector wages are mostly paid into accounts in G-7 countries, but in developing economies, many still receive cash.
• Agricultural payments in developing economies are often made in cash, which poses challenges for financial inclusion.
• Domestic remittances in Sub-Saharan Africa are primarily conducted through accounts.

Use of Accounts

• Digital payment usage has increased significantly, with more than half of high-income economy adults using debit or credit cards.
• Over one in five account owners had an account that was inactive in the past year.
• In China, 57% of account owners use mobile phones or the internet to make purchases or pay bills, up from 2014.

Saving, Borrowing, and Financial Resilience

• More than half of adults who save do so at a financial institution.
• Formal saving is not always linked to account ownership, as some unbanked adults still save informally.
• Formal borrowing is more common in high-income economies, with credit cards being the primary source.
• Financial resilience is higher in high-income economies, where people are more likely to save for emergencies.

Opportunities for Expansion

• Digital technology offers significant opportunities for expanding financial inclusion, especially for the unbanked.
• Digitizing government payments could reduce the number of unbanked adults.
• Mobile money is particularly impactful in Sub-Saharan Africa, where it has spread to new regions and is helping to narrow the gender gap.
• Mobile phone and internet access are key enablers for financial inclusion, with over a billion financially excluded adults owning a mobile phone and 480 million having internet access.

Conclusion

The Global Findex Database 2017 demonstrates that while financial inclusion has grown, significant challenges remain, particularly in addressing gender and income disparities. Digital financial services, especially mobile money, are playing a critical role in expanding access and promoting financial resilience. Continued efforts by governments, the private sector, and development organizations are essential to further improve financial inclusion and ensure that all individuals can benefit from formal financial services.