2025-04-20-联合国贸易发展委员-联合国贸易发展委员会-为投资非洲当地制药生产建立案例（英）_78页_8mb

报告摘要

Health Impact: Local production is crucial for improving access to essential medicines, especially vaccines and antibiotics, enhancing availability during health emergencies.
Strategic Impact: Reduces reliance on imports, builds national health sovereignty, and ensures stable supply chains.
Economic Impact: Stimulates job creation, fosters local industries, and drives long-term economic development through integration into global value chains (GVCs).

Challenges: High production costs, limited economies of scale, heavy reliance on imported APIs, fragmentation of markets, and regulatory barriers.
Opportunities: Local production can become competitive at sufficient scale. Key factors include increasing production volumes, strategic partnerships with MNEs, robust infrastructure, and regulatory harmonization.
Analysis: Studies (e.g., McKinsey) indicate potential cost competitiveness with regional integration and GVCs.

Production-Facilitating: Fiscal incentives (tax holidays, exemptions), infrastructure development (SEZs), FDI promotion, and investment facilitation.
Market-Shaping: Preferential procurement, domestic-only tenders, and reserved lists to boost demand for local medicines.
Governance: Clear criteria, cost-benefit analysis, regular monitoring, and independent administration to ensure sustainability and alignment with public health goals.

Country Categories:
- Starters: Small economies face structural barriers; need initial support.
- Prospects: Mid-sized countries have high market potential but require tailored strategies.
- Followers: Established producers need to sustain capacity and integrate into regional value chains.
- Leaders: Major hubs like Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa should focus on scaling and upgrading.
Key Insight: Industrial paths vary by market size and industry maturity; no one-size-fits-all approach.

Assessment: Feasibility varies; antibiotics production depends on market size, industrial development, and GVC integration.
Policy Insights: Align investment with AMR priorities, use product-specific incentives, incorporate GMP compliance, and streamline procurement mechanisms.

Strategic Priorities: Address health imperatives; promote a comprehensive approach balancing health, economic, and feasibility factors.
Incentive Balance: Design incentives strategically, linking them to GMP compliance and AMR stewardship.
Country-Specific Tailoring: Adjust policies to reflect readiness and market conditions.
Investment Facilitation: Streamline regulations; enhance infrastructure (SEZs, specialized parks).
FDI and Partnerships: Leverage MNEs for technology transfer and market access.
Operational Enablers: Improve information systems, harmonize regulations, and strengthen regional collaboration.

Ten policy recommendations affirm health as a priority, balance incentives with feasibility, tailor responses, and prioritize regional integration.

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