联合国贸易发展委员会-改善肯尼亚当地生产基本抗生素的投资环境：一份咨询报告（英）-2023-62页_1mb

Improving the Investment Landscape for Local Production of Essential Antibiotics in Kenya

Executive Summary

This advisory report examines Kenya's current investment landscape for local antibiotic production, addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Kenya's pharmaceutical sector includes local production, but availability and incentives for antibiotics are often insufficient. Key findings reveal that local antibiotics are competitive in pricing and availability but lack targeted investment incentives. Recommendations focus on enhancing partnerships, tax policies, procurement frameworks, and regulatory streamlining to foster sustainable local production and support public health goals.

Key Insights

• Current Investment Landscape: Kenya has a growing pharmaceutical industry with limited foreign investment and a significant reliance on imports for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Foreign direct investment and multinational enterprise (MNE) partnerships are increasing but remain constrained.

• Antibiotic Production and Prices: Local antibiotics are marginally cheaper or similarly priced compared to imported products in public and private sectors and show higher availability. However, competitive pressure from imports and inadequate implementation of incentives hinder expansion.

• Investment Incentives: Existing incentives include tax holidays, VAT exemptions, and special economic zones (SEZs/EPZs), but they are not specific to antibiotics or AMR considerations. Stakeholders report weak implementation, regulatory inefficiencies, and administrative burdens.

• Stakeholder Perceptions: Challenges include competition from imports, lack of alignment with AMR policies, and supply chain vulnerabilities. Opportunities arise from regional integration and domestic demand growth.

Key Recommendations

1. Strengthen partnerships with MNEs and integrate into global production networks.
2. Review and modernize fiscal incentives, shifting to expenditure-based measures.
3. Reassess market-shaping incentives like preferential procurement, ensuring cost-effectiveness.
4. Introduce product-specific incentives for antibiotics, aligning with AMR stewardship.
5. Enhance the SEZ/EPZ model to attract FDI and improve investment conditions.
6. Streamline regulations to reduce bureaucratic delays and facilitate investment.
7. Foster collaboration among manufacturers for shared procurement and supply chain resilience.
8. Promote regional integration and harmonize policies with East African Community (EAC) partners.
9. Enhance data systems for real-time monitoring of antibiotic production and consumption.
10. Improve coordination between health and investment authorities to align objectives.