2024-02-28-世界银行-吉布提人力资本审查（英）_112页_2mb

报告摘要

1. Human Capital Index (HCI)

Overall HCI: 0.41, meaning a child born in 2022 could achieve only 41% of their full productivity potential by age 18.
Key Drivers: Poor child survival and learning outcomes drive down the HCI. School enrollment and learning assessment scores are lower than regional and income group averages.
Utilization: Only 9% of human capital is utilized in the labor market, with women utilizing even less.

2. Country Context

Djibouti is a small, low-middle-income country with a population below 1 million, facing high poverty and inequality (Gini coefficient 0.42).
Strategic location supports trade and logistics, but debt and infrastructure investments have not led to inclusive growth.
Refugees and limited economic diversification constrain human capital development.

3. Status of Human Capital Outcomes

Health: Improvements in maternal and child health but high infant and maternal mortality. Undernutrition and limited access to health services exacerbate outcomes.
Education: Enrollment rates rising but expected years of schooling and learning outcomes lag behind regional peers. Gender gaps widen at higher education levels.
Social Protection**: Minimal coverage and fragmented systems, limiting support for vulnerable populations.

4. Labor Market

Employment: High unemployment, especially among youth and women. Public sector dominance stifles private sector growth.
Wages: Public sector pay premium discourages private sector participation. Limited job creation in emerging sectors reduces human capital utilization.

5. Key Recommendations

Early Childhood Development: Expand access to preschool and early stimulation programs, improve nutrition and healthcare for young children.
Adolescence and Youth: Invest in education, life skills, and reproductive health for girls; reduce early marriage and dropout rates.
Working Years: Reform labor laws to increase flexibility, enhance vocational training, and reduce public sector wage premium.
Data and Policy: Strengthen data collection, monitoring, and cross-sectoral collaboration to track human capital interventions.

Djibouti must prioritize human capital investments to achieve sustainable growth, reduce inequality, and harness its untapped potential.

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