【全球创业观察】GEM2024-2025年报告_248页_22mb

GEM 2024/2025 Global Report Summary

Core Content

The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2024/2025 Global Report, titled Entrepreneurship Reality Check, provides a comprehensive analysis of global entrepreneurial activity, focusing on its social foundations, diversity, drivers, and alignment with sustainability and digital transformation. The report is co-authored by international experts and supported by national teams from 51 economies, representing over 63% of the world's population and 77% of global GDP.

Main Authors and Contributors

• GEM Global Team: Stephen Hill (Lead Author), Aileen Ionescu-Somers, Alicia Coduras, Francis Carmona, Kevin Anselmo
• GEM National Teams:
  • Austria: Christian Friedl
  • Chile: Maribel Guerrero
  • Israel: Ehud Menipaz
  • Morocco: Fatima Boutaleb
  • Poland: Przemysław Zbierowski
  • South Africa: Mahsa Samsami, Natanya Meyer
  • UK: Sreevas Sahasranamam
  • USA: Jeffrey Shay
• Supporting Institutions:
  • Cartier Women's Initiative (sponsors)
  • ENISA (Spain's National Innovation Company)
  • SPRI Group (Basque Government)
  • Government of Bizkaia
  • Bilbao City Council
  • Basque Entrepreneurship Observatory (BEO)
  • Observatorio del Emprendimiento de España (OEE)
  • Mondragon University
  • University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
  • University of Deusto

Key Themes and Findings

1. Entrepreneurship as a Key Driver of Prosperity

• GEM defines entrepreneurship as the act of starting and running a new business.
• Over 25 years, GEM has built a comprehensive database of entrepreneurial activity across 120+ economies.
• Entrepreneurship is a crucial component of economic development and a vital contributor to solving environmental and social challenges.
• New businesses increasingly focus on sustainability, aligning with global needs and future goals.

2. Social Foundations for Entrepreneurship

• The report emphasizes the importance of cultural attitudes, informal investment, and access to resources.
• Informal investment plays a significant role in supporting new ventures, especially in regions with limited formal financing options.
• GEM uses a structured framework to measure the context in which entrepreneurship occurs, including cultural, institutional, and environmental factors.

3. Global Entrepreneurial Activity

• GEM tracks Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) and Established Business Ownership (EBO) across the world.
• The global distribution of entrepreneurial activity is influenced by income levels, with higher TEA rates in economies with higher GDP per capita.
• Business Services and Consumer Services dominate new business creation, reflecting the ongoing shift in economic activity.
• There is a perception that starting a business has become more difficult, with many entrepreneurs citing increased challenges.

4. Diversity in Entrepreneurship

• Men still dominate entrepreneurial activity, but the gap is narrowing.
• Age and education significantly influence entrepreneurial activity, with younger and more educated individuals more likely to start businesses.
• Gender disparities in access to entrepreneurial resources persist, though efforts are being made to close the gap.
• Entrepreneurs differ in their job expectations and innovation priorities, with some focusing on social and environmental impact.

5. Drivers of Entrepreneurship

• Motivations for starting a business include making a difference, continuing a family tradition, and seeking financial gain.
• Exits from business are influenced by both negative and positive factors, such as market changes or personal goals.
• Resilience is a key factor in entrepreneurial success, with many entrepreneurs adapting to challenges and evolving their strategies.

6. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability

• A growing number of entrepreneurs are taking steps to minimize environmental impact and maximize social impact.
• Sustainability is becoming a strategic priority, with some entrepreneurs prioritizing it over profitability.
• There is a strong correlation between social and environmental sustainability efforts in entrepreneurial activities.

7. Digital Marketing and Artificial Intelligence

• Entrepreneurs are increasingly adopting digital marketing tools, especially in Group A and Group B economies.
• The report highlights the importance of digital technologies in business growth and marketing.
• Awareness of the need to implement AI solutions is rising, with many entrepreneurs anticipating its impact on future business operations.

Key Figures and Indicators

• GEM measures entrepreneurial activity using TEA and EBO.
• The National Entrepreneurial Context Index (NECI) is used to assess the overall entrepreneurial environment.
• 95% confidence intervals are included to provide statistical reliability to findings.
• Digital Marketing Tools are rated by entrepreneurs based on their perceived importance.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is anticipated to play a significant role in future business strategies.

Policy Implications

• Policymakers are encouraged to use GEM findings to inform decisions and improve the entrepreneurial ecosystem.
• Enhancing access to resources for women and supporting sustainability and digital innovation are critical areas for policy development.
• The report underscores the importance of a supportive environment for new businesses, including access to financing, education, and digital tools.

Methodology

• GEM data is collected through the Adult Population Survey (APS), where over 2,000 adults per economy are surveyed.
• The National Expert Survey (NES) provides contextual insights into each economy.
• The data is rigorously collected and coded to ensure consistency and comparability across regions.
• GEM offers primary data that is used by academics, policymakers, and entrepreneurs for research and decision-making.

Conclusion

The GEM 2024/2025 Global Report highlights the evolving nature of entrepreneurship, emphasizing its role in addressing global challenges and fostering economic growth. It serves as a vital tool for understanding the realities of entrepreneurial activity and informs policy and practice to support sustainable, inclusive, and innovative business development.