2017年-世界发展银行全球_Cote_dIvoire_Jobs_Diagnostic___Employment_Productivity_and_Inclusion_for_Poverty_Reduction_175页_3mb

Côte d'Ivoire Jobs Diagnostic Summary

Core Content

This report presents an in-depth analysis of employment challenges and opportunities in Côte d'Ivoire, focusing on employment quality, productivity, and inclusion for poverty reduction. It is part of a broader World Bank engagement on the jobs agenda in Côte d'Ivoire between 2013 and 2017, contributing to the Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) and Country Partnership Framework (CPF). The report is structured into six chapters, each addressing different aspects of employment and productivity in the country.

Main Viewpoints

• Employment Trends and Challenges: Côte d'Ivoire experienced political and economic crises from the 2000s to the mid-2010s, which had severe impacts on the economy, human capital, and social cohesion. Since 2011, the country has regained political stability and is on a path to becoming an emerging economy by 2020. Despite this, the employment situation remains challenging, with a significant youth bulge and limited access to formal wage jobs for the poor, women, and rural populations.

• Youth Employment: Youth employment is a top policy priority. The majority of youths transition into self-employment, either in agriculture or nonagricultural sectors, rather than formal wage employment. However, the growth of the formal wage sector is expected to increase, especially in the service and industry sectors, which may become the most common form of employment within a decade.

• Productivity and Inclusiveness: The report emphasizes the need to improve the quality and productivity of jobs, particularly for the poor and marginalized groups. While agriculture is often seen as low-productivity, recent evidence shows that the productivity gap is overstated, and there are significant opportunities for productivity gains within the sector. Similarly, nonagricultural self-employment also presents potential for productivity improvements.

• Policy Recommendations: The report highlights the importance of a three-pronged approach to employment strategy: supporting private enterprises, investing in human capital and labor productivity, and rationalizing employment policy governance. It also underscores the need for skills development, education reform, and policy interventions to enhance the competitiveness of the workforce and promote inclusive employment.

Key Information

• Economic Recovery: After a period of crisis, Côte d'Ivoire has seen rapid and sustained economic growth since 2011, with GDP growth rates of 10.7%, 8.7%, and 8.0% in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively.

• Demographic Trends: The country is experiencing a significant youth bulge, with the youth population estimated to reach 9.1 million by 2025 and 11.3 million by 2035. This presents both opportunities and risks, as a demographic dividend can be realized only if there are sufficient employment opportunities.

• Employment Structure: As of February 2014, the majority of the working-age population is employed in self-employment (agricultural and nonagricultural), with only 19.9% in nonagricultural wage jobs and less than half of them formal. Unemployment is relatively low, at 6.7%, and is more prevalent among the more educated in urban areas.

• Productivity Gaps: The report identifies significant productivity gaps between agricultural and nonagricultural self-employment, and between self-employment and formal wage employment. These gaps are not as large as previously assumed, and many are explained by underemployment in agriculture.

• Agriculture's Role: Although agriculture is often viewed as less productive, the report shows that it still plays a crucial role in the jobs agenda. It is a major source of employment, particularly for the poor and rural populations, and has the potential to generate more inclusive and productive jobs through improved productivity and access to markets.

• Formal Job Creation: Formal job creation in the service and industry sectors is expected to increase, but the current structure of employment suggests that the majority of the population will remain in self-employment for the foreseeable future. This implies that the focus should not only be on formal job creation but also on improving the quality and productivity of self-employment.

• Skills and Education: Education, skills, and training are identified as critical for enhancing the competitiveness of the workforce. The report calls for improvements in the education system and the development of apprenticeship programs to align with labor market needs.

Conclusion

The report concludes that while formal job creation is important, the focus should be on creating better jobs across all sectors, particularly for the poor, women, and rural populations. Improving productivity and inclusiveness in self-employment, especially in agriculture, is essential for poverty reduction and shared prosperity. The findings are intended to inform policy actions and strategies aimed at promoting sustainable employment and economic growth in Côte d'Ivoire.