兰德-通过三方合作确保韩国关键矿产供应链的安全-供应链网络评估_供应链合作和经济安全的分析和工具（英）-2025_107页_2mb

The report analyzes efforts to strengthen critical minerals supply chains among South Korea, Japan, and the U.S. through trilateral cooperation and partnerships with nations like India and Mongolia.

Supply chain vulnerabilities arise from China's market dominance in key minerals and its use of economic coercion. The goal is to mitigate these through diversification, policy tools, and resilience measures.

Four minerals—cobalt, gallium, molybdenum, and tungsten—are highlighted as priorities for collaboration due to high risk and value chain challenges.

The U.S., South Korea, and Japan employ various industrial policies to secure supply chains, with South Korea leading in legal frameworks, Japan in diplomatic engagement, and the U.S. in financial incentives and defense priorities.

Opportunities include reducing trade barriers, enhancing data sharing, and expanding cooperation with key partners like India and Mongolia. Barriers involve U.S. policy uncertainty, historical tensions, and private-sector reluctance.

Recommendations for South Korea include designating specific agencies to pursue cooperation, communicating opportunities effectively, expanding the Minerals Security Partnership, and emphasizing defense supply chain security.

Insights for Japan emphasize leveraging its experience with Chinese economic tactics and for the U.S. suggest learning from regional approaches to enhance cooperation.

Trilateral collaboration is essential for addressing supply chain vulnerabilities and promoting economic security in the face of China's growing influence.