2021-06-27-世界卫生组织-WHO_Quitting_Toolkit_12页_2mb

Analysis and Summary of Quitting Tobacco Toolkit

The document highlights the critical reasons for quitting tobacco use, emphasizing its role in causing 8 million deaths annually and its increased risk in COVID-19 severity. Below is a structured summary of key points:

Key Reasons to Quit Tobacco

• Health Benefits: Quitting reduces immediate risks like heart rate drop and improves long-term health. Benefits include:
  • Within 2 weeks to 3 months: Heart attack risk decreases, lung function improves, coughing lessens.
  • 1 year: Stroke and coronary heart disease risks match non-smokers, lung cancer risk halves.
  • 5 years: Survival chances return for many diseases.
  • 15 years: Overall mortality risk drops to non-smoker levels.
• Additional Concerns: Tobacco harms passive smokers and the environment; it costs financially, strains social ties, and risks bone density loss. For menopausal women, it worsens symptoms and raises cancer risks.

Support Methods for Quitting

• Professional Advice: Health workers should provide brief cessation guidance using 5As or 5Rs, with pharmacotherapy options for high dependence.
• Telephone Support: National quit lines offer free counseling.
• Digital Tools: Mobile apps, text message support, chatbots (like WHO Quit Programme), and mTobaccoCessation programs provide personalized resources.
• Psychological Support: Allen Carr’s Easyway method addresses tobacco dependence without medication.
• Community and Resources: Public campaigns and pharmacotherapy through local health services are recommended.

This toolkit aims to motivate smokers by providing evidence-based benefits and support, especially relevant due to pandemic-affected quitting challenges.