2024-05-12-世界银行-多米尼加共和国-气候移民_国家说明（英）_111页_14mb

Summary of Dominican Republic: Climate Migrants

Core Content

This document provides an in-depth analysis of climate-induced migration in the Dominican Republic (DR), focusing on internal and cross-border movements. It combines quantitative modeling with a qualitative case study of Restauración Municipality in Dajabón Province to understand the drivers and impacts of climate migration. The study highlights the relationship between climate change, natural degradation, and human mobility, and offers policy recommendations to address these challenges effectively.

Key Findings

• Climate Migration Patterns: Climate-induced migration in the DR is primarily driven by changes in water availability, sea level rise, and agricultural and ecosystem productivity. Internal migration is mainly from rural to urban areas, while cross-border migration from Haiti is expected to increase significantly.
• Internal Migration Trends: Rural-urban migration is the most common form of internal climate migration. By 2050, Santo Domingo (Distrito Nacional) is projected to become a net receiver of internal climate migrants, while Santiago is expected to be a net sender due to water stress. By 2100, the central district may shift to being a net sender due to increased population density and water stress.
• Cross-Border Migration: Haitian climate migrants are projected to settle in urban, agricultural, and border areas of the DR. Border regions and El Cibao will receive a higher proportion of Haitian migrants compared to Santo Domingo Province, which will see a decline in the share of Haitian in-migrants.
• Drivers of Migration: Interviewees from Restauración attributed migration to reduced agricultural productivity, lack of employment, and the pursuit of better education opportunities. Natural degradation and climate change, particularly through changes in precipitation and land productivity, were identified as indirect but significant factors.
• Adaptation Strategies: Some farmers in Restauración have attempted to adapt by shifting to agroforestry and diversifying their livelihoods. However, these strategies require more time and investment than traditional cash crops and have had limited success. Certain policies, such as the provision of plants and support for establishing plant nurseries, have helped farmers overcome these challenges.

Main Viewpoints

• Integration of Policies: The study emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to climate and migration policy, aligning with broader national objectives for green, resilient, and inclusive development.
• Adaptation Framework: Migration is viewed as a valid adaptation strategy for climate change and natural degradation, and policies should support planned, safe, and dignified movement.
• Territorial Approach: A multi-sectoral, territorial approach is recommended to address climate migration effectively, considering the interplay between agriculture, water management, and urban planning.

Key Recommendations

The report proposes three main pillars for policy recommendations:

1. Coherent Legal and Institutional Framework:

   • Support technical roundtables among key national institutions (National Climate Change Council, National Migration Council, etc.) to better integrate climate, environmental, and migration policies.
   • Develop clear legal frameworks to support climate-induced migration pathways.
   • Promote knowledge exchange with small-island states and regional platforms such as the Greater Caribbean Climate Mobility Initiative (GCCMI).
   • Encourage international technical, institutional, and financial support for regional responses.
   • Integrate climate-induced migration into the curriculum of the National Migration Institute's Master's program in Migration and Development in the Caribbean.
   • Promote further research and data collection on climate migration.

2. Supporting Migration as a Valid Adaptation Strategy:

   • Ensure that migration is recognized as a legitimate adaptation strategy.
   • Facilitate safe and planned cross-border climate migration, especially from Haiti.
   • Create programs that incentivize sustainable agricultural practices and support the labor supply from Haiti to the DR.

3. Climate Adaptation and Mitigation:

   • Focus on preparedness and anticipatory action in climate adaptation and mitigation.
   • Develop strategies that support both adaptation and resilience in vulnerable communities.
   • Implement policies that help low-income farmers transition to more sustainable livelihoods, such as agroforestry.

Conclusion

The Dominican Republic is highly vulnerable to climate change and natural degradation, which are significantly influencing internal and cross-border migration. The study calls for more integrated, multi-sectoral, and territorial approaches to climate and migration policies, ensuring that they are aligned with national development goals and support both adaptation and resilience in affected communities.