世界银行-韩国研发税收优惠政策的案例研究：原则、实践和对发展中国家的启示（英）-2024-91页_596kb

R&D Tax Incentives in Korea: Design and Management Features

The World Bank case study examines South Korea’s R&D Tax Incentive (RDTI) policies, focusing on their effectiveness and adaptability for developing countries. The research highlights several key principles and design features:

1. Design Features:

   • Eligible Expenditures: Korean RDTIs prioritize labor costs and human capital, especially for SMEs, addressing the importance of R&D personnel.
   • Volume vs. Incremental: Korea employs a hybrid model, offering firms choices (volume or incremental-based tax relief) to boost participation, particularly among SMEs.
   • Income vs. Cost-Based: Korea balances cost-based tax credits (principal method) with income-based schemes for technology licensing.
   • Generosity: Korean RDTIs offer high tax subsidies (e.g., up to 25-35% deductions), with flexibility through long-term carry-over (up to 10 years) to encourage sustained R&D investment.

2. Management Features:

   • The study emphasizes systematic Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E), including feasibility studies, line ministry self-evaluations, and post-implementation in-depth reviews.
   • It promotes simplified Application & Promotion through online platforms and voluntary compliance mechanisms to reduce administrative burdens.
   • Robust Compliance Verification (e.g., data cross-checking and audits) and transparency are critical, supported by digitized systems like Hometax.
   • Predictability and long-term commitment to RDTIs help foster strategic R&D investments and inter-firm collaboration.

Lessons for Developing Countries:

• Develop adaptable frameworks combining generous incentives (e.g., tax credits, carry-over provisions) with streamlined administrative processes.
• Strengthen M&E systems for policy evaluation and evidence-based adjustments.
• Enhance access for SMEs through capacity building, technical assistance, and one-stop-shop platforms.
• Ensure predictability and transparency to attract R&D-focused investments.

In essence, while Korean policies reflect OECD best practices, their success lies in their balanced combination of financial incentives, targeted design, and institutional support, offering valuable insights for developing-country policymakers aiming to foster innovation.