2012年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2013___Kenya_113页_1mb

Kenya Economy Profile - Doing Business 2013

Core Content Overview

The Doing Business 2013 report evaluates the regulatory environment for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kenya and compares it with other economies. It focuses on 11 key areas of business regulation, including starting a business, construction permits, electricity access, property registration, credit access, investor protection, tax payments, cross-border trade, contract enforcement, insolvency resolution, and employing workers.

The report provides an aggregate ranking of Kenya's ease of doing business, which is based on the simple average of percentile rankings across the 10 topics. In 2013, Kenya ranked 121 out of 185 economies, showing a 4-point improvement from its 2012 rank of 126. The distance to frontier measure is also introduced, which shows how close an economy is to the best practices in each of the 9 indicator sets.

Key Indicators and Performance

Starting a Business

• Rank (2013): 126
• Procedures (2013): 10
• Time (days): 32
• Cost (% of income per capita): 40.4
• Paid-in Minimum Capital (% of income per capita): 0.0

Kenya has made progress in reducing the time and cost to start a business, though it still lags behind the best performers like New Zealand and Slovenia. The procedures required are more than those in some comparator economies such as Mauritius and the United Kingdom.

Dealing with Construction Permits

• Rank (2013): 45
• Procedures (2013): 9
• Time (days): 125
• Cost (% of income per capita): 211.9

Kenya ranks relatively low compared to economies like Singapore and Hong Kong SAR, China, which have more efficient processes. However, there was a slight improvement in time and procedures from 2012 to 2013.

Getting Electricity

• Rank (2013): 162
• Procedures (2013): 6
• Time (days): 146
• Cost (% of income per capita): 1,208.2

Kenya's ranking has improved over time, but it still requires a significant amount of time and cost compared to global leaders like Germany and Japan. The number of procedures is relatively low, but the cost remains high.

Registering Property

• Rank (2013): 161
• Procedures (2013): 9
• Time (days): 73
• Cost (% of property value): 4.3

Kenya has room for improvement in this area, with a high cost and long time relative to countries like Georgia and Portugal. However, the number of procedures has remained stable over the past few years.

Getting Credit

• Rank (2013): 12
• Strength of Legal Rights Index (0-10): 10
• Depth of Credit Information Index (0-6): 4
• Public Registry Coverage (% of adults): 0.0
• Private Bureau Coverage (% of adults): 4.9

Kenya has strong legal rights for businesses but lags in the depth of credit information and public registry coverage. The private bureau coverage is low, which affects the availability of credit information for lenders.

Protecting Investors

• Rank (2013): 100
• Extent of Disclosure Index (0-10): 3
• Ease of Shareholder Suits Index (0-10): 10
• Strength of Investor Protection Index (0-10): 5.0

Kenya performs poorly in investor protection, with a low extent of disclosure. However, the ease of shareholder suits is on par with other economies, and the strength of investor protection is moderate compared to global leaders like New Zealand.

Paying Taxes

• Rank (2013): 164
• Payments (number per year): 41
• Time (hours per year): 340
• Cost (US$ per container): N/A

Kenya has a high number of tax payments and significant time required to comply with tax regulations. The cost of paying taxes is not included in the export and import indicators but is generally high.

Trading Across Borders

• Rank (2013): 148
• Documents to Export (number): 8
• Time to Export (days): 26
• Cost to Export (US$ per container): 2,255
• Documents to Import (number): 7
• Time to Import (days): 26
• Cost to Import (US$ per container): 2,350

Kenya has made some improvements in the time required for cross-border trade, but it still has a high number of documents and costs for both export and import activities. It is close to the regional average but lags behind economies like Singapore and Malaysia.

Enforcing Contracts

• Rank (2013): 149
• Time (days): 465
• Cost (% of claim): 47.2
• Procedures (number): 44

Kenya has a long time and high cost to enforce contracts. The number of procedures is also relatively high, indicating inefficiencies in the legal system.

Resolving Insolvency

• Rank (2013): 100
• Time (years): 4.5
• Cost (% of estate): 22
• Outcome (0 as piecemeal sale and 1 as going concern): 1
• Recovery Rate (cents on the dollar): 29.5

Kenya ranks poorly in insolvency resolution, with a high cost and long time to resolve insolvency. The recovery rate is low, indicating inefficiencies in the process.

Main Views and Key Information

• Regulatory Environment: Kenya's regulatory environment is generally not as conducive to SMEs as other economies, but it has shown some improvements over the past few years.
• Ease of Doing Business: The ease of doing business index helps policy makers understand the relative performance of their country in terms of business regulations.
• Comparative Analysis: Kenya's performance is compared with other economies in the region and globally to highlight areas of improvement and potential challenges.
• Reforms: Kenya has implemented several business registration reforms, such as the elimination of 110 licenses and the digitization of records, which have contributed to improvements in some areas.
• Data Limitations: The Doing Business methodology does not cover all aspects of the business environment, such as proximity to large markets, infrastructure quality, and macroeconomic conditions.

Summary

The report provides a comprehensive overview of Kenya's business environment, highlighting both the progress made and the areas needing reform. It emphasizes the importance of regulatory reforms in improving the ease of doing business and supports policy makers in making data-driven decisions. The data is current as of June 1, 2012, with some exceptions for the paying taxes indicators, which cover the period January-December 2011. The methodology is based on a set of assumptions and does not account for all factors that influence the business environment. Overall, Kenya's business environment is challenging, but there are opportunities for improvement in several key areas.