2014年-世界发展银行全球_Brazil_Country_Program_Evaluation_FY2004-11___Evaluation_of_the_World_Bank_Group_Program_299页_19mb

Brazil Country Program Evaluation (FY2004-11)

Core Content

This report evaluates the World Bank Group's (WBG) program in Brazil from FY2004 to FY2011, focusing on its role in supporting the country's development objectives of greater equity, sustainability, and competitiveness, underpinned by strong economic management and governance.

Main Points

Country Context

• Fiscal Adjustment and Price Stabilization: Brazil achieved substantial fiscal adjustment and price stabilization in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
• Poverty and Inequality Reduction: Poverty and income inequality declined steadily, with improvements in child malnutrition and primary school enrollment.
• Environmental Progress: Deforestation in the Amazon slowed, and the country made progress in environmental management.
• Persistent Challenges: Infrastructure bottlenecks and high cost of doing business (Custo Brasil) remain critical constraints to growth. Despite high government spending, the quality of expenditures and services is low, with the tax burden reaching 35% of GDP.

World Bank Group Strategy and Program

• Adaptability: The WBG program was adaptable, responding to the government's reallocation of lending capacity to achieve both countercyclical and structural reform objectives.
• Shift to Subnational Lending: The share of subnational lending increased significantly from 19% to 78% of total commitments during the evaluation period.
• Programmatic Approach: The Bank used a sectorwide approach (SWAp) to encourage cross-sectoral dialogue and strengthen results-based management systems in subnational governments.

IFC Operations

• Competitiveness Focus: IFC's operations were mainly related to the competitiveness pillar, supporting private sector activities like agribusiness and infrastructure.
• Support for SMEs: IFC improved access to credit for Brazilian enterprises, especially SMEs, and focused on environmental sustainability and public-private partnerships (PPPs).
• Net Commitments: IFC's net commitment in Brazil amounted to $5.01 billion, with a low level of equity investment and a high share of trade finance.
• Advisory Role: IFC's advisory work on PPPs was widely recognized, with successful projects in transport, health, and education.

MIGA Operations

• Electricity Transmission: Most of MIGA's guarantees were in the electricity transmission subsector.
• Decline in Political Risk Guarantees: Demand for MIGA's political risk guarantees declined due to improved foreign investor confidence.
• Opportunities for Expansion: MIGA has an expanded mandate and new products that offer opportunities to rebuild its operations in Brazil.

Key Themes and Outcomes

Equity

• Bolsa Familia: The Bank supported the national program, which provided income support to poor families contingent on actions to improve children's education and health. This program was highly effective and reached a significant portion of poor families.
• Education and Health: The Bank's analytical work on classroom dynamics and teacher performance helped improve student learning outcomes. In health, the Bank supported the expansion of the Family Health Program and efforts to reduce HIV/AIDS transmission.

Sustainability

• Deforestation Reduction: The Bank supported the expansion of protected areas and indigenous territories, contributing to a significant reduction in Amazonian deforestation.
• Water Management: The Bank's role in facilitating cross-sectoral dialogue on water resource management was appreciated. It focused on water quality, coverage, and financial sustainability.
• Community-Driven Development: The Bank continued its support for the community-driven model, which effectively reached poor and disadvantaged groups with key social services.

Competitiveness and Economic Management

• Infrastructure Bottlenecks: Addressing infrastructure bottlenecks was a major priority, particularly in logistics and the cost of doing business.
• Fiscal Responsibility Law: The Bank supported measures to maintain fiscal discipline under the Fiscal Responsibility Law.
• Business Climate Reforms: The Bank worked on improving the business climate, including simplifying procedures for starting a business and tax procedures for SMEs.
• Financial Sector Reforms: The Bank supported financial sector reforms to improve the regulatory framework and attract private investment.

Recommendations

• Catalytic Impact: The Bank Group should make catalytic impact a major criterion in future strategy design in Brazil.
• Enhance Dialogue: Strengthen dialogue with Brazilian authorities and think tanks to identify areas for effective knowledge support.
• Expand PPP Operations: IFC should expand its public-private partnership operations and focus on SME access to long-term financing.
• Improve Public Investment Planning: Enhance public investment planning and execution to address infrastructure bottlenecks and attract private investment.
• Promote Sustainable Rural Development: Continue promoting sustainable rural development and environmental protection.

Summary of Outcomes

• Equity and Sustainability: The Bank Group's contributions in these areas were satisfactory, with notable successes in poverty reduction, education, and environmental protection.
• Competitiveness and Economic Management: Results were less satisfactory, particularly in infrastructure and the cost of doing business. The Bank Group was not able to significantly impact these areas.
• Overall Outcome: The outcome of the Bank Group program is judged as moderately satisfactory, with variability across themes.

Conclusion

The evaluation highlights the importance of the Bank Group's adaptability and strategic focus on equity, sustainability, and competitiveness. It also underscores the need for continued efforts to improve infrastructure and the business environment, and to leverage the Bank's convening power and knowledge base for more effective and impactful development outcomes.