2015年-CEPS欧洲政策研究中心_Statistical_Appendices_to_Performance_of_Long_53页_905kb

Summary of Statistical Appendices to "Performance of Long-Term Care Systems in Europe"

Core Content

This document serves as a companion to ENEPRI Research Report No. 117, providing statistical appendices that support the analysis of long-term care systems in Europe. It includes estimation results and probabilities related to the likelihood of receiving help and the sufficiency of that help, as well as the probability of receiving help for different types of older persons across various European countries.

Main Views and Findings

• Estimation Results for Receiving Help and Sufficiency of Help:

  • The probability of receiving help increases with age, particularly for those aged 80-85 and over 85.
  • Education and income have a positive impact on the probability of receiving help, with higher education and income associated with higher likelihoods.
  • Country-specific differences are significant, with some countries showing higher or lower probabilities of receiving help.
  • The interaction between age and country shows varying effects; for instance, in Austria, the probability of receiving help for the 80-85 age group is significantly higher than in other countries.
  • Women are more likely to receive help compared to men.
  • Urbanisation and living alone have mixed effects on the probability of receiving help, depending on the country.
  • The presence of children and grandchild(ren) increases the probability of receiving help, especially in some countries.
  • iADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) and ADL (Activities of Daily Living) limitations are strongly associated with the likelihood of receiving help, with more severe limitations leading to higher probabilities.
  • Cognitive functioning and depression also influence the probability of receiving help, with lower cognitive functioning and depression associated with higher help probabilities.
  • The number of chronic disorders and mobility limitations have a positive correlation with the probability of receiving help.

• Probabilities of Receiving Help for Characteristic Older Persons:

  • Three types of older persons are analyzed: typical western, southern, and eastern European.
  • These types are defined based on age, education, income, living status, and health conditions.
  • The typical western European older person is more likely to receive help in countries like Switzerland, while the typical eastern European older person is less likely to receive help in countries like Poland and Italy.
  • The probability of receiving help varies significantly across countries, with Switzerland showing the highest probability and Poland, Italy, and Greece the lowest.
  • In the case of the typical southern European older person, the probability of receiving help is relatively high in the Netherlands, Czech Republic, and Austria, but lower in Denmark, which is somewhat surprising.

Key Information

• The statistical models used are logit, ordered logit, and ordered probit with sample selection.
• The results are based on a dataset with 8615 observations.
• The statistical significance of the variables is indicated by *, **, and *** for 10%, 5%, and 1% significance levels respectively.
• The probability of receiving help for each type of older person is presented in Table B2, showing that the typical western European older person has the highest probability in Switzerland (85%) and the lowest in Poland (25%).
• The typical eastern European older person has a higher probability in Poland (44%) than in western European countries, but it is still about half that of Switzerland.
• The typical southern European older person has a probability of receiving help that is more or less in between the western and eastern European types, with notable variations across countries.

Structure

• Chapter 4 Appendices:

  • Appendix A: Estimation results for receiving help and the sufficiency of help using logit and ordered logit models.
  • Appendix B: Estimation results for the degree to which the help meets the needs using ordered probit with sample selection.

• Chapter 6 Appendices:

  • Appendix A: Projection results for public and private expenditures in Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, and Poland.

The document provides a comprehensive statistical basis for understanding how different factors influence the probability of receiving help and the sufficiency of that help in long-term care systems across Europe.