全球环境信息研究中心-迈向2030年的城市为所有人建设一个零排放、有弹性的地球（英文）-2021.5-30页_9mb

Summary of CITIES ON THE ROUTE TO 2030

Core Content

This report by CDP outlines the progress and challenges cities face in their climate action efforts, focusing on reducing emissions and building resilience to climate change. It highlights the role of cities in addressing the global climate crisis and the importance of collaboration and strategic planning.

Main Points

Climate Action Progress

• City-Wide Emissions Inventories: 544 cities now have city-wide emissions inventories, up from 30 in 2011.
• Emissions Reduction Targets: 365 cities have city-wide emissions reduction targets, up from 16 in 2011.
• Climate Action Plans: 49% of cities have a climate action plan, with 339 cities having one in 2020.
• Renewable Energy Use: 42% of reporting cities use renewable energy, with 692 million MWh generated annually, enough to power 65 million homes for one year.
• Collaboration with Businesses: 76% of cities are collaborating with businesses on sustainability projects or plan to do so in the next two years.

Climate Resilience and Risks

• Climate Risks: 93% of cities are facing significant climate risks, including extreme heat, flooding, and rainstorms.
• Adaptation Plans: Only 43% of cities have an adaptation plan, with 459 cities developing such plans in 2020.
• Vulnerability Assessment: 59% of cities have conducted a climate risk and vulnerability assessment.
• Water Security: 60% of cities cite substantive risk to water security, but only 46% include it in their vulnerability assessments.
• Public Health Impact: Climate change is increasing risks to vulnerable populations in 74% of cities, and 50% of cities taking adaptation actions see public health benefits.

Barriers to Adaptation

• Budgetary Capacity: 25% of cities face budgetary capacity issues as a barrier to adaptation.
• Housing Issues: 18% of cities cite housing as a challenge.
• Poverty Challenges: 17% of cities report poverty as a barrier to adaptation.

Key Actions for Climate Resilience

• Energy Efficiency: 276 cities have implemented energy efficiency or retrofit measures.
• Low/Zero Carbon Energy: 173 cities use low or zero carbon energy supply generation.
• On-Site Renewable Energy: 162 cities use on-site renewable energy generation.
• LED/CFL Technologies: 156 cities are installing LED/CFL or other luminaire technologies.
• Fuel Economy Improvements: 146 cities are improving fuel economy to reduce CO₂ from motorized vehicles.
• Building Codes: 142 cities implement building codes and standards.
• Green Space and Biodiversity: 126 cities are planning green space and/or biodiversity preservation.
• Recycling and Composting: 118 cities are building recycling or composting facilities.
• Non-Motorized Transport: 116 cities are developing infrastructure for non-motorized transport.

Climate Projects and Investment Opportunities

• Climate Projects: 422 cities reported 1,142 climate projects requiring USD 72 billion in financing.
• Top Investment Areas: Transport (16%), renewable energy (12%), energy efficiency (12%), water management (12%), and waste management (11%) are the main areas seeking finance.
• Project Costs: Water management projects cost USD 22.6 billion, while transport projects cost USD 18.6 billion annually.

Global Collaboration and Green Recovery

• CDP-ICLEI Unified Reporting System: 812 cities disclosed climate and environmental data in 2020, representing over 2.6 billion people.
• Green Recovery: The report emphasizes the need for a green and just recovery from the pandemic, ensuring that climate action is both sustainable and equitable.

Opportunities for Cities

• Science-Based Targets: Cities must set science-based targets, including interim targets, to align with a 1.5°C pathway.
• Climate Action Benefits: Cities with climate action plans and vulnerability assessments identify more opportunities and take more actions to reduce emissions.
• Co-Benefits of Climate Action: Climate action also brings co-benefits such as public health improvements and social equality.

Key Information

• 17-fold Increase in City Disclosures: From 48 in 2011 to 812 in 2020, showing significant growth in city climate action.
• 70% of Global Emissions: Cities are responsible for up to 70% of global emissions and play a vital role in achieving a zero emissions future.
• Global Climate Action: Cities across all continents are taking action, with notable examples including eThekwini in South Africa, Quito in Ecuador, and Nairobi in Kenya.
• Need for Interim Targets: Only 52 of the 148 cities with 1.5°C-aligned targets have set interim targets.
• Major Emissions Sectors: Buildings, transport, energy, and waste are the key areas for emissions reduction.
• Climate Science and Targets: The latest climate science requires global emissions to be reduced by 45% by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050.

Conclusion

While cities have made substantial progress in climate action over the past decade, significant challenges remain. Continued collaboration, science-based planning, and investment in key sectors are essential to meet the goals of a 1.5°C future and ensure cities are resilient, equitable, and sustainable.