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CDC's Guiding Principles for Public-Private Partnerships

I. Introduction

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are a key strategy for the CDC to address public health challenges by leveraging the strengths of the private sector. These partnerships can be formal or informal and involve shared skills, resources, and risks. The document outlines a framework for CDC staff to build mutually beneficial partnerships that maximize health impact while maintaining integrity and transparency. It replaces previous guidelines for private sector collaboration and is intended to support sound planning and execution of partnership initiatives.

Definitions and Policies

• Private sector partners include for-profit businesses, professional organizations, philanthropies, and private individuals/groups.
• PPPs are defined as relationships where CDC and the private sector share skills and assets to improve public health.
• Common partnership mechanisms include:
  • Grants
  • Contracts
  • Gifts (directly to CDC or via the CDC Foundation)
  • Cooperative Research and Development Agreements
  • Material Transfer Agreements
  • Non-Disclosure Agreements
  • Research Collaboration Agreements
  • Conference Co-Sponsorships
  • Collaborations and Contests

II. Why Partner?

The CDC benefits from partnerships in several ways:

• Extend Public Health's Reach to Save Lives

  • Generate broad societal support
  • Reach a large segment of the public
  • Access specific populations (including professional groups)
  • Enhance programmatic credibility

• Speed Innovation for the Public Good

  • Inspire creative ideas and innovation
  • Increase agility and efficiency of efforts
  • Improve decision making and risk management through information sharing

• Impact Industry

  • Align industry efforts with health-for-all principles
  • Set an example for other organizations
  • Accelerate R&D in relevant fields
  • Support development of less harmful products
  • Address the needs of at-risk worker populations

• Build Internal Capacity

  • Acquire knowledge, expertise, and skills from the private sector
  • Enhance CDC programs and projects

III. Guiding Principles for Partnerships

Initial Assessment

Before engaging in a partnership, CDC should conduct an initial assessment to evaluate its potential viability. Key questions include:

• Are mutual benefits clear and explicit for all partners?
• Does the partnership offer greater societal benefit than individual gains?
• Is there mission alignment and shared objectives?
• Is CDC's leadership role clear and defined?
• Could there be a conflict of interest (real or perceived)?
• Would the partner receive direct monetary benefits?
• Do the potential benefits outweigh the risks?

Additional Considerations

If the initial assessment is positive, CDC should consider the following:

• Impact/Value: The partnership should have a significant impact relative to the resources required.
• Feasibility: CDC must be able to dedicate staff time and funding to support the partnership.
• Conflicts of Interest: CDC must retain independence in scientific judgment and avoid any appearance of bias or favoritism.

IV. Communicating Value to the Private Sector

To ensure effective and transparent communication, CDC should:

• Understand the culture and values of the private sector, which often prioritize financial gains, innovation, and shorter timelines.
• Highlight the benefits to the private sector, including:
  • An effective platform for corporate social responsibility
  • Increased ability to achieve greater outcomes
  • Exposure to new markets and investors
  • Access to specific populations or professional groups
  • Opportunities to test and create new products
  • Improved supply chains and operational efficiencies
  • Reduced business risks
  • Enhanced reputation and goodwill

V. How to Engage

Deciding to Continue

The partnership process involves several phases:

1. Exploratory Phase: Initial informal discussions and background research.
2. Development Phase: Defining shared goals and mutual benefits.
3. Commitment Phase: Formalizing the partnership with an MOU/MOA.
4. Support and Management Phase: Ongoing collaboration and monitoring.

Before proceeding, CDC staff should:

• Evaluate how the partnership supports its public health mission.
• Research potential business incentives for the partner.
• Identify mutual benefits to discuss.
• Review the "Guiding Principles for Partnerships" section.

Knowing When to Pull Back

CDC should continuously review the "Guiding Principles for Partnerships" as the partnership evolves. If new information affects the viability of the partnership, discussions may need to be paused to reassess. Leadership from Centers, Institutes, and Organizations (CIOs) must be informed and ultimately approve partnership agreements. Consultation with the Office of General Counsel is also recommended when uncertainty arises.

Box 1. When Not to Engage

• If the partnership would conflict with CDC's oversight function.
• If the potential partner offers products that worsen health outcomes.
• If the partner seeks endorsement or appears to do so.
• If the partner's main focus is donor recognition.

Box 2. Helpful Partnership Guidance

• CDC Resources:

  • Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response and Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation: A Structured Approach to Effective Partnering
  • CDC Advisory Committee to the Director (ACD): Ethical Considerations for Public-Private Partnerships Workgroup Summary Report

• External Resources:

  • White House Community Partnerships Interagency Policy Committee: Building Partnerships: A Best Practices Guide
  • CDC Foundation: Guiding Principles for Partner Collaboration and Public-Private Partnerships and Conflict of Interest Guidelines

Key Takeaways

• PPPs are essential for extending public health reach, accelerating innovation, and building internal capacity.
• CDC must ensure that all partnerships align with its mission and do not compromise its independence or credibility.
• Clear communication and understanding of cultural differences between CDC and the private sector are critical for success.
• Appropriate legal and ethical considerations must be addressed throughout the partnership lifecycle.