2025-06-24-IEA-获得优势-能源效率在提高竞争力中的作用（英）_58页_23mb

报告摘要

Energy efficiency provides more than energy savings and emissions reductions, enhancing competitiveness by reducing costs, increasing productivity, and creating jobs globally.
Global industrial energy efficiency improved by about 1% per year from 2010-2019 (20% higher value-added per unit energy), but this has virtually flatlined since 2019, risking competitiveness.
Up to USD 600 billion in energy costs could be saved if all firms matched the performance of the least energy-intensive peers in their subsectors in IEA countries.
Quick-win measures with short payback periods are available in most industries, delivering savings of 5–18% on energy, with cumulative savings of 40–60% over longer terms.
Culture of energy management (ISO 50001 certified systems) yields continuous savings (avg. 4% annually).
AI-powered energy management can save 2–6% in energy, reducing global industrial energy use by up to 8 EJ by 2035.

Energy-intensive industries (steel, cement, chemicals) account for >75% of industrial energy demand and face higher costs/price risks.
Light industries (<quarter energy demand) have higher value added (~50%) and employment (~67%).
Heterogeneous energy consumption exists within same products: e.g., cement plants vary by 5× in energy intensity (most > least).
IEA analysis shows significant regional variations in energy intensity for making equivalent goods (e.g., China uses up to twice energy of EU).

Energy intensity varies within sectors up to factors of 5–7 among IEA countries (e.g., cement, plastic bag, brick manufacturing).
Potential savings: US manufacturers could lower energy costs by implementing widespread efficiency measures.
Different return on investment (ROI): Heavy industries (~5–11%) vs. light industries (10–18%).

Growing market: Energy efficiency technologies (EVs, batteries, heat pumps, motors) are expanding rapidly.
Global investments in energy efficiency increased by ~150% since 2015 with increasing RD&D; China leads patent filings.

Integrated packages: Combining regulation (MEPS, audits), information drives (benchmarking), incentives (tax credits, preferential finance).
Effective policies should target:
- Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS)
- Energy Management Systems (ISO 50001)
- Information, training, and support for SMEs
- Fiscal incentives and financing mechanisms
- RD&D promotion
Case studies from India, Brazil, Mexico, and Ireland show positive outcomes from strategic policy packages.

Indian cement industry achieved >50% energy savings via Perform Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme.
Brazil’s PotencializEE program uses energy audits + loans to boost SME efficiency in industrial sectors.
Ireland's LIEN improves supply chain collaboration and reduces emissions via energy management networks.

Global energy efficiency improvement declined to ~1% per year (from 2% average 2010-2019).
India’s Energy Efficiency Labelling Program drives market transformation for appliances, affecting industrial energy use.

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