2013年-世界发展银行全球_Trends_in_International_Funding_for_Financial_Inclusion_4页_820kb

Summary of Trends in International Funding for Financial Inclusion

Core Content

This document outlines the trends in international funding for financial inclusion as of 2012, based on the CGAP Cross-Border Funder Survey. It highlights the evolution of funding priorities, the growth in public and private commitments, and the regional and instrumental shifts in financial inclusion support.

Main Points

Funding Growth

• Total Funding: International funders committed at least $29 billion in 2012, representing a 12% increase from 2011.
• Public Funding: Dominated the funding landscape, accounting for over 70% of the total. Public funders increased their commitments by 16%, approving $3.4 billion in new projects.
• Private Funding: Grew at a slower rate of 2%, with most of the increase attributed to existing assets rather than new investments.

Funding Instruments

• Debt Financing: Remained the most significant funding instrument, totaling $12 billion in 2012, up 19% from 2011.
• Grants: Amounted to $2.3 billion, mainly used for retail capacity building of FSPs.
• Equity Commitments: Grew modestly to $2.6 billion, but were limited by a decrease in investments to MII's.

Regional Focus

• Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Became the top-priority region, with $2.7 billion in commitments, surpassing Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).
• Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA): Experienced 25% growth due to improved economic conditions and increased DFI involvement.
• South Asia (SA): Received $3.4 billion, the second-highest amount.
• Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and East Asia and the Pacific (EAP): Received the least funding, but both saw increases of 25% and 17%, respectively.

Key Barriers and Solutions

• Major Barriers: Limited institutional capacity and lack of suitable products and services of FSPs.
• Solutions:
  • Improving management and governance (323 projects)
  • Designing suitable products and services (365 projects)
  • Enhancing operations (366 projects)
  • Promoting responsible finance practices (273 projects)

Direct vs. Indirect Funding

• Direct Funding: Increased by 29%, reaching $6.5 billion, indicating a growing preference for direct support to FSPs.
• Indirect Funding: Accounted for 30% of the total funding, with MIVs and apex organizations being primary channels.
• National Governments: Represented 25% of total funding, but saw no increase.

Key Information

Funding by Level of Intervention

• Client Level: $280 million committed to enhance client capabilities, primarily in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Market Infrastructure: $500 million, focusing on capacity-building services, information and transparency, and payment systems.
• Policy Level: $400 million, aimed at financial regulation, supervision, and consumer protection.

Future Outlook

• Funders plan to focus on improving management and governance and responsible finance practices in the next three years.
• Challenges include adapting strategies, operationalizing internal systems, and addressing the complex financial inclusion landscape.

Methodology

• The 2013 survey included new project categories such as small enterprise access.
• Qualitative framework was introduced to assess barriers and solutions.
• Historical data were updated, but growth trends may be overestimated due to data limitations.

Conclusion

The international funding landscape for financial inclusion has evolved significantly, with a broader focus on financial inclusion rather than just microfinance. Public funding continues to dominate, while direct funding to FSPs is increasing. Sub-Saharan Africa has emerged as a top priority, and debt financing remains the primary tool. Funders are actively working to improve FSP capabilities, product design, and policy environments to advance financial inclusion, though they face ongoing internal and external challenges.