2025-03-24-IMF-改变未来_人工智能在韩国的影响（英）_26页_3mb

Transforming the Future: AI Impact in Korea Summary

Introduction

Korea is a global leader in AI adoption, with the potential to drive significant economic growth. The aging population poses challenges such as labor shortages and productivity slowdowns, which AI can address through complementarity and innovation, while also risking job displacement and inequality.

AI Adoption

Korea leads in AI adoption, with 40% of IT professionals in large enterprises using AI (IBM 2023), particularly in larger, younger, and tech-intensive firms. Usage is rising across sectors, boosted by Korea's strong semiconductor industry, contributing to global exports.

AI and Labor Market

Approximately half of Korean jobs are AI-exposed, with professional roles benefiting from complementarity and clerical roles facing displacement. High exposure is more common among women, younger, and highly educated workers, while vulnerable groups like elderly and low-income workers may struggle. AI could exacerbate inequality but also create opportunities.

AI and Productivity

AI adoption can significantly boost productivity and output, with model-based estimates suggesting up to 12.6% output gains. However, benefits are concentrated in large, mature firms, and SMEs may not see substantial improvements, potentially widening productivity gaps.

AI Preparedness

Korea excels in innovation and digital infrastructure, aligning with advanced economies. Key areas for improvement include human capital, labor market policies, and regulations. Ongoing policy efforts focus on AI infrastructure, training, attracting talent, and enacting AI Basic Law.

Conclusion

AI adoption in Korea offers substantial economic potential, but policies must address labor market challenges, enhance flexibility, and ensure equitable benefits to maximize long-term growth and societal adaptation.